Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood adversity and hallucinations: a community-based study using the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
TLDR
Findings indicating that adverse events in childhood may be causally related to subsequent psychosis are supported and repeated recommendations concerning routine enquiry about adverse experiences in childhood receive support.Abstract:
Numerous studies of both clinical and large-scale population based samples have demonstrated that adverse childhood events are risk factors for subsequent psychosis. This study assessed the relationships between adverse childhood events and auditory and visual hallucinatory experiences. The study analysed data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication conducted in the US that assessed (all before age 16) rape, sexual assault and physical assault. Psychosis symptomatology was represented by lifetime experience of auditory and visual hallucinations. Control variables included gender, age, urbanity, ethnicity, marital status, education, employment status, alcohol dependence and drug dependence. All three adverse events were significantly related to both types of hallucinations. Those who had been raped as children were 3.3 times more likely to have experienced visual hallucinations and 3.5 times more likely to have experienced auditory hallucinations compared to those who had not been raped in childhood. Both rape and physical assault significantly predicted visual and auditory hallucinations. A significant dose–response relationship was also found. Previous findings indicating that adverse events in childhood may be causally related to subsequent psychosis are supported. The psychological and biological mechanisms underlying the relationship are already the subject of investigation. Repeated recommendations concerning routine enquiry about adverse experiences in childhood in order to facilitate comprehensive formulations and appropriate treatment, also receive support from these findings.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood Adversities Increase the Risk of Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Patient-Control, Prospective- and Cross-sectional Cohort Studies
Filippo Varese,Filippo Varese,Feikje Smeets,Marjan Drukker,Ritsaert Lieverse,Tineke Lataster,Wolfgang Viechtbauer,John Read,Jim van Os,Jim van Os,Richard P. Bentall +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that childhood adversity is strongly associated with increased risk for psychosis and population attributable risk was 33% (16%–47%).
Journal ArticleDOI
Health consequences of adverse childhood experiences: a systematic review.
TL;DR: NPs are encouraged to incorporate assessment of patients’ childhood history in routine primary care and to consider the evidence that supports a relationship between ACEs and health and although difficult, talking about patient's childhood experiences may positively influence health outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissociation, Trauma, and the Role of Lived Experience: Toward a New Conceptualization of Voice Hearing.
TL;DR: It is argued that available evidence suggests that VH experiences, including those in the context of psychotic disorders, can be most appropriately understood as dissociated or disowned components of the self that result from trauma, loss, or other interpersonal stressors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited
TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to summarize the literature on biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis published since 2001, and identify 125 papers that provided both indirect support for and direct confirmation of the traumagenic neurodevelopmental model.
Journal ArticleDOI
A comprehensive review of auditory verbal hallucinations: lifetime prevalence, correlates and mechanisms in healthy and clinical individuals
TL;DR: This review will examine the presentation of auditory hallucinations across the life span, as well as in various clinical groups, including childhood, adolescence, adult non-clinical populations, hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences, high schizotypal traits, schizophrenia, substance induced AVH, AVH in epilepsy, and AVh in the elderly.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).
TL;DR: An overview of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) is presented and a discussion of the methodological research on which the development of the instrument was based is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder
TL;DR: There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to.
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Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications
TL;DR: The research addressing the relationship of childhood trauma to psychosis and schizophrenia is reviewed, and the theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population
Louise Johns,Jim van Os +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence for the continuity of psychotic symptoms with normal experiences is reviewed, focusing on the symptoms of hallucinations and delusions, and the theoretical and treatment implications of such a continuum are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population?
TL;DR: Ass associations with lower age, single marital status, urban dwelling, lower level of education, lower quality of life, depressive symptoms and blunting of affect did not differ qualitatively as a function of type of rating of the psychotic symptom, were similar in individuals with and without any CIDI lifetime diagnosis, and closely resembled those previously reported for schizophrenia.