Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications
TLDR
The research addressing the relationship of childhood trauma to psychosis and schizophrenia is reviewed, and the theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.Abstract:
Objective: To review the research addressing the relationship of childhood trauma to psychosis and schizophrenia, and to discuss the theoretical and clinical implications.
Method: Relevant studies and previous review papers were identified via computer literature searches.
Results: Symptoms considered indicative of psychosis and schizophrenia, particularly hallucinations, are at least as strongly related to childhood abuse and neglect as many other mental health problems. Recent large-scale general population studies indicate the relationship is a causal one, with a dose-effect.
Conclusion: Several psychological and biological mechanisms by which childhood trauma increases risk for psychosis merit attention. Integration of these different levels of analysis may stimulate a more genuinely integrated bio-psycho-social model of psychosis than currently prevails. Clinical implications include the need for staff training in asking about abuse and the need to offer appropriate psychosocial treatments to patients who have been abused or neglected as children. Prevention issues are also identified.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
TL;DR: This target article critically examines this "hierarchical prediction machine" approach, concluding that it offers the best clue yet to the shape of a unified science of mind and action.
Journal ArticleDOI
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Ruth Gilbert,Cathy Spatz Widom,Kevin D. Browne,Kevin D. Browne,David M. Fergusson,Elspeth Webb,Staffan Janson +6 more
TL;DR: For example, this article found that exposure to multiple types and repeated episodes of maltreatment is associated with increased risks of severe maltreatment and psychological consequences, which has longlasting effects on mental health, drug and alcohol misuse (especially in girls), risky sexual behaviour, obesity, and criminal behaviour.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder
TL;DR: There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to.
Journal ArticleDOI
The environment and schizophrenia
TL;DR: Although heritability is often emphasized, onset is associated with environmental factors such as early life adversity, growing up in an urban environment, minority group position and cannabis use, suggesting that exposure may have an impact on the developing ‘social’ brain during sensitive periods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors.
TL;DR: Mental ill-health was associated with more life events, female gender, type of support, lower ability, more consultations, smoking, incontinence, not having severe physical disabilities and not having immobility; it was not associated with deprived areas, no occupation, communication impairment, epilepsy, hearing impairment or previous institutional residence.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey.
TL;DR: Progress in estimating age-at-onset distributions, cohort effects, and the conditional probabilities of PTSD from different types of trauma will require future epidemiologic studies to assess PTSD for all lifetime traumas rather than for only a small number of retrospectively reported "most serious" traumAs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: A framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia.
TL;DR: A heuristic framework for linking the psychological and biological in psychosis is provided and it is proposed that a dysregulated, hyperdopaminergic state, at a "brain" level of description and analysis, leads to an aberrant assignment of salience to the elements of one's experience, at an "mind" level.
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Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion.
Richard A. Depue,Paul F. Collins +1 more
TL;DR: The animal evidence suggests that there are three neurodevelopmental sources of individual differences in dopamine: genetic, “experience-expectant,” and “ experiences-dependent.”
Journal ArticleDOI
Pituitary-Adrenal and Autonomic Responses to Stress in Women After Sexual and Physical Abuse in Childhood
Christine Heim,Donald Jeffrey Newport,Stacey Heit,Yolanda P. Graham,Molly M. Wilcox,Robert W. Bonsall,Andrew H. Miller,Charles B. Nemeroff +7 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system hyperreactivity, presumably due to CRF hypersecretion, is a persistent consequence of childhood abuse that may contribute to the diathesis for adulthood psychopathological conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis.
TL;DR: The cognitive processes that are thought to lead to the formation and maintenance of the positive symptoms of psychosis are set out and a fuller integration with the findings of biological research will be required.
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