Choice as time allocation.
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The present results, together with related research, suggest that the ratio of time spent in two activities equals the ratios of the "values" of the activities.Abstract:
When pigeons' standing on one or the other side of a chamber was reinforced on two concurrent variable-interval schedules, the ratio of time spent on the left to time spent on the right was directly proportional to the ratio of reinforcements produced by standing on the left to reinforcements produced by standing on the right. The constant of proportionality was less than unity for all pigeons, indicating a bias toward the right side of the chamber. The biased matching relation obtained here is comparable to the matching relation obtained with concurrent reinforcement of key pecks. The present results, together with related research, suggest that the ratio of time spent in two activities equals the ratio of the "values" of the activities. The value of an activity is the product of several parameters, such as rate and amount of reinforcement, contingent on that activity.read more
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Sur la loi de l’appariement
TL;DR: The authors decrit les versions of the Loi de l'appariement and leurs implications of 1950-a aujourd'hui and decrit leurs developpements.
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Signaled and Unsignaled Terminal Links in Concurrent Chains I: Effects of Reinforcer Probability and Immediacy
TL;DR: The present results show that the generalized matching law can provide a useful account of choice between outcomes that vary in both probability and immediacy of reinforcement.
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Behavioral Contrast in a Group Foraging Paradigm
TL;DR: The present results support other attempts to compare the matching law to the ideal free distribution and show that behavioral contrast is predicted by both models and in fact occurs in ways consistent with both models.
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Momentary maximizing in concurrent schedules with a minimum interchangeover interval.
TL;DR: The data support the momentary maximizing theory and contradict molar maximizing theories and the melioration theory.
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A quantitative analysis of the effects of alternative reinforcement rate and magnitude on resurgence
TL;DR: This article conducted four crowdsourcing experiments to evaluate effects of alternative-reinforcement rate and magnitude on resurgence with humans, finding that resurgence occurs when a previously reinforced and then extinguished target response increases due to a worsening of reinforcement conditions for an alternative response.
References
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Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement
TL;DR: The present experiment is a study of strength of response of pigeons on a concurrent schedule under which they peck at either of two response-keys and investigates output as a function of frequency of reinforcement.
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A progression for generating variable-interval schedules.
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Choice and delay of reinforcement
TL;DR: The relative frequency of responding at each key was shown to match the relative immediacy of reinforcement, immediacy defined as the reciprocal of the delay of reinforcement.
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Preference and Switching under Concurrent Scheduling.
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Concurrent performances: a baseline for the study of reinforcement magnitude1
TL;DR: When a pigeon's pecking on a single key was reinforced by a variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement, the rate of pecking was insensitive to changes in the duration of reinforcement from 3 to 6 sec.