Choice as time allocation.
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The present results, together with related research, suggest that the ratio of time spent in two activities equals the ratios of the "values" of the activities.Abstract:
When pigeons' standing on one or the other side of a chamber was reinforced on two concurrent variable-interval schedules, the ratio of time spent on the left to time spent on the right was directly proportional to the ratio of reinforcements produced by standing on the left to reinforcements produced by standing on the right. The constant of proportionality was less than unity for all pigeons, indicating a bias toward the right side of the chamber. The biased matching relation obtained here is comparable to the matching relation obtained with concurrent reinforcement of key pecks. The present results, together with related research, suggest that the ratio of time spent in two activities equals the ratio of the "values" of the activities. The value of an activity is the product of several parameters, such as rate and amount of reinforcement, contingent on that activity.read more
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Human group choice: discrete-trial and free-operant tests of the ideal free distribution.
TL;DR: Three experiments tested the prediction that foragers will form groups proportional in number to the resources available in alternative resource sites or patches and suggested that undermatching represents a systematic deviation from the ideal free distribution.
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About Teleological Behaviorism.
TL;DR: The present article is an attempt to clear up misconceptions about teleological behaviorism in the form of six fables to give the reader an understanding of what teleologicalbehaviorism actually is.
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Sensitivity to relative reinforcer rate in concurrent schedules: independence from relative and absolute reinforcer duration.
TL;DR: Analysis ofabsolute response rates ratio sensitivity to reinforcement showed that this invariance of response despite changes in reinforcement interaction that were observed in absolute response rates on the constant VI 120-s schedule is consistent with the relativity and independence assumtions of the matching law.
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Effects of dose and infusion delay on cocaine self-administration choice in rhesus monkeys.
TL;DR: Delay discounting was supported by the present findings in that the value of a large reinforcer (higher cocaine dose) was decreased as its delay to presentation was increased, and a self-control/impulsivity paradigm can be extended to conditions with non-human subjects and drug reinforcers.
References
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Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement
TL;DR: The present experiment is a study of strength of response of pigeons on a concurrent schedule under which they peck at either of two response-keys and investigates output as a function of frequency of reinforcement.
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A progression for generating variable-interval schedules.
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Choice and delay of reinforcement
TL;DR: The relative frequency of responding at each key was shown to match the relative immediacy of reinforcement, immediacy defined as the reciprocal of the delay of reinforcement.
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Preference and Switching under Concurrent Scheduling.
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Concurrent performances: a baseline for the study of reinforcement magnitude1
TL;DR: When a pigeon's pecking on a single key was reinforced by a variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement, the rate of pecking was insensitive to changes in the duration of reinforcement from 3 to 6 sec.