Choice as time allocation.
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The present results, together with related research, suggest that the ratio of time spent in two activities equals the ratios of the "values" of the activities.Abstract:
When pigeons' standing on one or the other side of a chamber was reinforced on two concurrent variable-interval schedules, the ratio of time spent on the left to time spent on the right was directly proportional to the ratio of reinforcements produced by standing on the left to reinforcements produced by standing on the right. The constant of proportionality was less than unity for all pigeons, indicating a bias toward the right side of the chamber. The biased matching relation obtained here is comparable to the matching relation obtained with concurrent reinforcement of key pecks. The present results, together with related research, suggest that the ratio of time spent in two activities equals the ratio of the "values" of the activities. The value of an activity is the product of several parameters, such as rate and amount of reinforcement, contingent on that activity.read more
Citations
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A model for choice in simple concurrent and concurrent-chains schedules.
Nancy K. Squires,Edmund Fantino +1 more
TL;DR: A modified formulation with a multiplier for the overall rate of primary reinforcement obtained on each key provides a better description of choice in simple (concurrent) choice situations, an advantage not achieved by previous formulations.
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Comparison of price change and health message interventions in promoting healthy food choices.
TL;DR: Price decreases alone, rather than a combination of price decreases and health messages, were associated with a higher level of increased purchases of some healthy food items as compared with control items over a 4-month period.
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Matching theory in natural human environments.
TL;DR: Evidence from the applied literature suggests that matching theory holds not only in laboratory environments, but also in natural human environments, and it can be used to improve treatment planning and management.
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Adjusting delay to reinforcement: comparing choice in pigeons and humans.
TL;DR: The results of all three experiments demonstrated that a power function transformation of the hyperbolic model provided the best description of both nonhuman and human data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impulsivity in students with serious emotional disturbance: the interactive effects of reinforcer rate, delay, and quality.
TL;DR: Two studies extending basic matching research on self-control and impulsivity to the investigation of choices of students diagnosed as seriously emotionally disturbed demonstrate a methodology based on matching theory for determining influential dimensions of reinforcers governing individuals' choices.
References
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Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement
TL;DR: The present experiment is a study of strength of response of pigeons on a concurrent schedule under which they peck at either of two response-keys and investigates output as a function of frequency of reinforcement.
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A progression for generating variable-interval schedules.
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Choice and delay of reinforcement
TL;DR: The relative frequency of responding at each key was shown to match the relative immediacy of reinforcement, immediacy defined as the reciprocal of the delay of reinforcement.
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Preference and Switching under Concurrent Scheduling.
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Concurrent performances: a baseline for the study of reinforcement magnitude1
TL;DR: When a pigeon's pecking on a single key was reinforced by a variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement, the rate of pecking was insensitive to changes in the duration of reinforcement from 3 to 6 sec.