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CLINICAL ASPECTS Causal Considerations on Alcohol and HIV/AIDS — A Systematic Review
Paul A. Shuper,Manuela G Neuman,Fotis Kanteres,Dolly Baliunas,Narges Joharchi,Jürgen Rehm,Dalla Lana +6 more
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TLDR
In this article, a review based on meta-analyses and reviews was conducted according to standard epidemiological criteria to distin- guish causality from association, examining the potential impact of alcohol on the incidence of HIV and alcohol's impact on worsening the disease course.Abstract:
Aim:Thestudyaimedto explorethepossiblecausalnatureoftheassociationbetweenalcoholconsumptionandHIV/AIDS. Methods: A review based on meta-analyses and reviews was conducted according to standard epidemiological criteria to distin- guish causality from association, examining (i) the potential impact of alcohol on the incidence of HIV and (ii) alcohol's impact on worsening the disease course. Results: In terms of incidence of HIV, although we found a consistent and strong association with consumption, there was not enough evidence for a causal connection. In particular, it is not clear whether personality traits such as sensation seeking or sexual compulsivity and psychiatric disorders such as antisocial personality disorder impact both alcohol consumption and risky sex, subsequently creating an association between both behaviors. In terms of worsening the dis- ease course of HIV/AIDS, we found enough evidence for a causal impact of alcohol. Alcohol affects the immune system, thus contributing to a worsened course of HIV/AIDS. In addition, alcohol negatively impacts on behaviors that include support seeking and medication adherence. Conclusions: A randomized controlled clinical trial targeted toward at-risk HIV-negative individuals who live in areas with high HIV prevalence is suggested to test the effects of proven effective alcohol interventions on HIV incidence.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease - an overview
Juergen Rehm,Juergen Rehm,Juergen Rehm,Dolly Baliunas,Dolly Baliunas,Guilherme Borges,Kathryn Graham,Kathryn Graham,Kathryn Graham,Hyacinth Irving,Tara Kehoe,Charles D. H. Parry,Charles D. H. Parry,Jayadeep Patra,Svetlana Popova,Svetlana Popova,Vladimir Poznyak,Michael Roerecke,Michael Roerecke,Robin Room,Robin Room,Andriy V. Samokhvalov,Benjamin Taylor,Benjamin Taylor +23 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that alcohol impacts many disease outcomes causally, both chronic and acute, and injuries, and a pattern of heavy episodic drinking increases risk for some disease and all injury outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update.
Jürgen Rehm,Gerhard Gmel,Gerrit Gmel,Omer S. M. Hasan,Sameer Imtiaz,Sameer Imtiaz,Svetlana Popova,Charlotte Probst,Charlotte Probst,Michael Roerecke,Michael Roerecke,Robin Room,Robin Room,Andriy V. Samokhvalov,Andriy V. Samokhvalov,Kevin D. Shield,Paul A. Shuper,Paul A. Shuper +17 more
TL;DR: Research since 2010 confirms the importance of alcohol use as a risk factor for disease and injuries; for some health outcomes, more than one dimension of use needs to be considered.
Journal Article
The Risks Associated With Alcohol Use and Alcoholism
TL;DR: The need to develop effective prevention efforts to reduce the pain and suffering, and the associated costs, resulting from excessive alcohol use is underscored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alcohol consumption and the intention to engage in unprotected sex: systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
Jürgen Rehm,Kevin D. Shield,Kevin D. Shield,Narges Joharchi,Narges Joharchi,Paul A. Shuper,Paul A. Shuper,Paul A. Shuper +7 more
TL;DR: Alcohol use is an independent risk factor for intentions to engage in unprotected sex, and as risky sex intentions have been shown to be linked to actual risk behavior, the role of alcohol consumption in the transmission of HIV and other STIs may be of public health importance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alcohol Use and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Current Knowledge, Implications, and Future Directions.
Emily C. Williams,Emily C. Williams,Judith A. Hahn,Richard Saitz,Kendall J. Bryant,Marlene C. Lira,Jeffrey H. Samet +6 more
TL;DR: Understanding how alcohol use affects PLWH in the era of HIV as a chronic condition should inform how to mitigate transmission, achieve viral suppression, and avoid exacerbating common comorbidities of HIV and alcohol use and make progress toward the 90-90-90 goals for engagement in the HIV treatment cascade.
References
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David L. Paterson,Susan Swindells,J. Mohr,Michelle Brester,Emanuel N. Vergis,Cheryl Squier,Marilyn M. Wagener,Nina Singh +7 more
TL;DR: Given the critical importance of adherence to therapy to patient outcome, secondary prevention of HIV infection, and willingness of providers to prescribe therapy, this prospectively investigated the association between protease inhibitor adherence and patient outcome and factors related to adherence.
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Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders.
Jürgen Rehm,Colin Mathers,Svetlana Popova,Svetlana Popova,Montarat Thavorncharoensap,Montarat Thavorncharoensap,Yot Teerawattananon,Jayadeep Patra +7 more
TL;DR: The burden of mortality and disease attributable to alcohol, both globally and for ten large countries, is quantified and concludes that alcohol consumption is one of the major avoidable risk factors, and actions to reduce burden and costs associated with alcohol should be urgently increased.