COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence — 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–December 25, 2021
Amelia G Johnson,Avnika B. Amin,Akilah R. Ali,Brooke E. Hoots,Betsy L. Cadwell,Shivani Arora,Tigran Avoundjian,Abiola O. Awofeso,Jason Barnes,Nagla S. Bayoumi,Katherine Busen,Carolyn Chang,Michael J. Cima,Molly J. Crockett,Alicia Cronquist,Sherri L. Davidson,Elizabeth M. Davis,Janelle Delgadillo,Vajeera Dorabawila,Cherie Drenzek,Leah Eisenstein,H. Fast,A. M. van Gent,Julie Hand,Dina Hoefer,Corinne Holtzman,Amanda Jara,Amanda B. Jones,Ishrat Kamal-Ahmed,Sarah Kangas,Fnu Kanishka,Ramandeep Kaur,S. Khan,Justice Eleanor King,Sam E. Kirkendall,Anna Klioueva,Anna Kocharian,Frances Y Kwon,Jacqueline Logan,B. Casey Lyons,S. L. Lyons,Andrea L. May,Donald McCormick,Erica Mendoza,Lauren Milroy,Allison T. O'Donnell,Melissa G. Pike,Sargis Pogosjans,Amy Saupe,Jessica Sell,E. Smith,Daniel M. Sosin,Emma Suzanne Stanislawski,Molly Steele,Meagan Stephenson,A. M. Stout,Kyle Strand,Buddhi Tilakaratne,Kathryn Turner,Hailey Vest,Sydni Warner,Caleb Wiedeman,Allison Zaldivar,Benjamin J. Silk,Heather M. Scobie +64 more
TLDR
The highest impact of booster doses against infection and death compared with full vaccination without booster doses was recorded among persons aged 50-64 and ≥65 years, and eligibility to stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations.Abstract:
Previous reports of COVID-19 case, hospitalization, and death rates by vaccination status† indicate that vaccine protection against infection, as well as serious COVID-19 illness for some groups, declined with the emergence of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and waning of vaccine-induced immunity (1-4). During August-November 2021, CDC recommended§ additional primary COVID-19 vaccine doses among immunocompromised persons and booster doses among persons aged ≥18 years (5). The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant emerged in the United States during December 2021 (6) and by December 25 accounted for 72% of sequenced lineages (7). To assess the impact of full vaccination with additional and booster doses (booster doses),¶ case and death rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults by receipt of booster doses during pre-Delta (April-May 2021), Delta emergence (June 2021), Delta predominance (July-November 2021), and Omicron emergence (December 2021) periods in the United States. During 2021, averaged weekly, age-standardized case IRRs among unvaccinated persons compared with fully vaccinated persons decreased from 13.9 pre-Delta to 8.7 as Delta emerged, and to 5.1 during the period of Delta predominance. During October-November, unvaccinated persons had 13.9 and 53.2 times the risks for infection and COVID-19-associated death, respectively, compared with fully vaccinated persons who received booster doses, and 4.0 and 12.7 times the risks compared with fully vaccinated persons without booster doses. When the Omicron variant emerged during December 2021, case IRRs decreased to 4.9 for fully vaccinated persons with booster doses and 2.8 for those without booster doses, relative to October-November 2021. The highest impact of booster doses against infection and death compared with full vaccination without booster doses was recorded among persons aged 50-64 and ≥65 years. Eligible persons should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations.read more
Citations
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Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study
Adam S. Lauring,Mark W Tenforde,James D. Chappell,Manjusha Gaglani,Adit A. Ginde,Tresa McNeal,Shekhar Ghamande,David J. Douin,H. Keipp Talbot,Jonathan D Casey,Nicholas M. Mohr,Anne Zepeski,Nathan I. Shapiro,Kevin W Gibbs,D. Clark Files,David N. Hager,Arber N. Shehu,Matthew E. Prekker,Heidi L Erickson,Matthew C. Exline,Michelle N. Gong,Amira H. Mohamed,Nicholas J. Johnson,Vasisht Srinivasan,Jay S. Steingrub,Ithan D. Peltan,Samuel M. Brown,Emily T. Martin,Arnold S. Monto,Akram Khan,Catherine L. Hough,Laurence W. Busse,C. T. ten Lohuis,Abhijit Duggal,Jennifer G. Wilson,Alexandra June Gordon,Nida Abdul Qadir,Steven Y. Chang,Christopher Mallow,Carolina Gutiérrez Rivas,Hilary M. Babcock,Jennie H. Kwon,Natasha B. Halasa,Carlos G. Grijalva,Todd W. Rice,William B. Stubblefield,Adrienne Baughman,Kelsey N Womack,Jillian P. Rhoads,Christopher J. Lindsell,Kimberly W. Hart,Yuwei Zhu,K. Adams,Stephanie J. Schrag,Samantha M. Olson,M. Kobayashi,Jennifer R. Verani,Manish M. Patel,Wesley H. Self +58 more
TL;DR:
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Trends in Disease Severity and Health Care Utilization During the Early Omicron Variant Period Compared with Previous SARS-CoV-2 High Transmission Periods — United States, December 2020–January 2022
Agnese Iuliano,Joan Brunkard,Tegan K. Boehmer,Elisha E. Peterson,Stacey Adjei,Alison M. Binder,S Cobb,Philip Graff,Pauline Hidalgo,Mark J. Panaggio,Jeanette J. Rainey,Preeti Rao,Karl Soetebier,Susan Wacaster,Chin En Ai,V. Gupta,Noelle-Angelique M. Molinari,Matthew D. Ritchey +17 more
TL;DR: COVID-19 disease severity appears to be lower during the Omicron period than during previous periods of high transmission, likely related to higher vaccination coverage,† which reduces disease severity, lower virulence, and infection-acquired immunity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the US: observational study
Amitabh B. Suthar,Jing Wang,Victoria Seffren,Ryan E. Wiegand,Sean M. Griffing,Elizabeth Zell +5 more
TL;DR: Higher vaccination coverage levels were associated with reduced mortality and incidence rates during the eras of alpha and delta variant predominance, and higher vaccination coverage was associated with lower rates of population level covid-19 mortality and frequency.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status — COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021–January 2022
Christopher Taylor,Michael Whitaker,Onika A. Anglin,Jennifer Milucky,Kadam Patel,Huong Pham,Shua J Chai,Nisha B Alden,Kimberly Yousey-Hindes,Evan J. Anderson,Kenzie Teno,Libby Reeg,Kathryn Como-Sabetti,Molly Bleecker,Grant Barney,Nancy M. Bennett,Laurie M Billing,Melissa Sutton,H. Keipp Talbot,Keegan McCaffrey,Fiona Havers,G. Rothrock,Millen Tsegaye,Julie Plano,Kyle P Openo,Andy Weigel,C.S. Brown,Erica C. Bye,Wickliffe Omondi,Alison Muse,Christina B Felsen,E. Shiltz,Nasreen Abdullah,William Schaffner,M. Crossland +34 more
TL;DR: During the Omicron-predominant period, peak hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black (Black) adults were nearly four times the rate of non- Hispanic White (White) adults and was the highest rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is associated with an infection advantage over Delta in vaccinated persons
Chrispin Chaguza,Andreas Coppi,Rebecca Earnest,David Ferguson,N. Kerantzas,Frederick Warner,Hamish Young,Mallery I. Breban,K. Billig,Robert Koch,Kien Trung Pham,Chaney C. Kalinich,Isabel M. Ott,Joseph R. Fauver,Anne Maria Hahn,Irina Tikhonova,Christopher Castaldi,Bony De Kumar,Christian M. Pettker,Joshua L. Warren,Daniel J. Weisenberger,Marie L. Landry,David R. Peaper,Wade L. Schulz,Chantal B.F. Vogels,Nathan D. Grubaugh +25 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed nasal swab PCR tests for samples collected between December 12 and 16, 2021, in Connecticut when the proportion of Delta and Omicron variants was relatively equal, and fitted an exponential curve to the estimated infections to determine the doubling times for each variant.
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