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Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge: Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
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The article was published on 1970-01-01. It has received 3263 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Criticism & Growth of knowledge.read more
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A public management for all seasons
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the doctrinal content of the group of ideas known as "New Public Management" (NPM), the intellectual provenance of those ideas, explanations for their apparent persuasiveness in the 1980 s; and criticisms which have been made of the new doctrines.
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Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination
TL;DR: In this article, a variety of analytic approaches have been used to address the problems of international cooperation, but the approaches have yielded only fragmentary insights, focusing on the technical aspects of a specific problem, how do they define state interests and develop viable solutions? What factors shape their behavior? Under conditions of uncertainty, what are the origins of international institutions? And how can we best study the processes through which international policy coordination and order emerge?
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Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change
TL;DR: In this paper, a general model of conceptual change is proposed, which is largely derived from current philosophy of science, but which they believe can illuminate * This model is partly based on a paper entitled "Learning Special Relativity: A Study of Intellectual Problems Faced by College Students,” presented at the International Conference Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of Albert Einstein, November 8-10, 1979 at Hofstra University.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Development of Epistemological Theories: Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing and Their Relation to Learning
TL;DR: There have been a number of research programs that have investigated students' thinking and beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing, including definitions of knowledge, how knowledge is constructed, and how knowledge evaluation is evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Students' and teachers' conceptions of the nature of science: A review of the research
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the empirical literature (both quantitative and qualitative) has yet to be presented as mentioned in this paper, but the overall purpose of this review is to help clarify what has been learned and to elucidate the basic assumptions and logic which have guided earlier research efforts.
References
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Statistical Significance in Psychological Research
TL;DR: Sapolsky (1964) developed the following substantive theory: Some psychiatric patients entertain an unconscious belief in the "cloacal theory of birth" which involves the notions of oral impregnation and anal parturition, which led Sapolsky to predict that Rorschach frog responders show.
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On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the aberration was unchanged when observations were made with a telescope filled with water, and that the effect was attributed to a simple composition of the velocity of light with the velocities of the earth in its orbit.
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Versuch einer Theorie der β-Strahlen. I
TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative Theorie des β-Zerfalls wird vorgeschlagen, in which man die Existenz des Neutrinos annimmt, and the Emission der Elektronen und Neutrininos aus einem Kern beim β-zerfall with einer ahnlichen Methode behandelt, wie die Emission eines Lichtquants aus angeregten Atom in der Strahlungstheorie.
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Theory-testing in psychology and physics: A methodological paradox
TL;DR: In psychology, a prior probability approaching 1/2 of finding a significant difference in the theoretically predicted direction is very weak, and becomes weaker with increased precision as discussed by the authors, and this problem is worsened by unhealthy tendencies prevalent among psychologists, such as a premium placed on experimental "cuteness" and a free reliance upon ad hoc explanations to avoid refutation.
Journal ArticleDOI
An attempt of a theory of beta radiation. 1.
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantitative Theorie des β-Zerfalls wird vorgeschlagen, in welcher man die Existenz des Neutrinos annimmt, and die Emission der Elektronen und Neutrinen aus einem Kern beim β -Zerfall with einer ah