Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method in human lymphocytes: effect of in vivo ageing and low dose X-irradiation.
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TLDR
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus method is more sensitive and precise than the conventional micron nucleus method and classical metaphase analysis, and that it will be of value for detecting chromosome damage induced in vivo by genotoxic agents.Abstract:
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique was developed to overcome the kinetic problems inherent in the use of human lymphocytes for micronucleus assays. Using this technique the number of spontaneous micronuclei in lymphocytes from 42 individuals aged between 20 and 85 years was studied and was found to increase at a rate of 4.3% per year. Comparison with the results obtained with the conventional micronucleus assay confirmed that the conventional method markedly underestimates this age effect. The sensitivity of the cytokinesis-block method was determined by studying the effect of low-dose (less than 50 rad) X-irradiation. The results indicated that the dose-response was linear and a single in vitro exposure to 5 rad of X-rays could be unequivocally detected. We concluded that the cytokinesis-block micronucleus method is more sensitive and precise than the conventional micronucleus method and classical metaphase analysis, and that it will be of value for detecting chromosome damage induced in vivo by genotoxic agents.read more
Citations
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sources and effects of ionizing radiation
TL;DR: This annex is aimed at providing a sound basis for conclusions regarding the number of significant radiation accidents that have occurred, the corresponding levels of radiation exposures and numbers of deaths and injuries, and the general trends for various practices, in the context of the Committee's overall evaluations of the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The in vitro micronucleus technique.
TL;DR: In its current basic form the CBMN assay can provide the following measures of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity: chromosome breakage, chromosome loss, chromosome rearrangement, cell division inhibition, necrosis and apoptosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay
TL;DR: The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay is a comprehensive system for measuring DNA damage, cytostasis and cytotoxicity and is being applied successfully for biomonitoring of in vivo genotoxin exposure, in vitro genotoxicity testing and in diverse research fields such as nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics as a predictor of normal tissue and tumor radiation sensitivity and cancer risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
NanoGenotoxicology: The DNA damaging potential of engineered nanomaterials
Neenu Singh,Bella B. Manshian,Gareth J.S. Jenkins,Sioned M. Griffiths,Paul M. Williams,Thierry G.G. Maffeis,Chris J. Wright,Shareen H. Doak +7 more
TL;DR: Many of the engineered nanomaterials assessed were found to cause genotoxic responses, such as chromosomal fragmentation, DNA strand breakages, point mutations, oxidative DNA adducts and alterations in gene expression profiles.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes.
TL;DR: The cytokinesis-block method appears to be the procedure of choice for quantitating micronuclei in lymphocytes and was of no value for measuring pre-existing chromosomal damage present in vivo.
Journal Article
Solutions to the kinetic problem in the micronucleus assay.
TL;DR: Results from the four methods for micronuclei induced by X-rays were in close agreement, but the simplest and most precise of the methods was the cytokinesis-block method.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of donor age on spontaneous and induced micronuclei.
TL;DR: Micronucleus formation after exposure to DNA-damaging agents was, however, decreased in cells from elderly individuals, most likely due to kinetic differences between the lymphocytes of old and young individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of kinetochore (centromere) antigen in mammalian cell nuclei.
TL;DR: Observations indicate that the centromere regions of the chromosomes in interphase are not randomly distributed within the nucleus but are usually fixed either to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope or to nucleoli.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutation frequency in human lymphocytes increases with age
Trainor Kj,Dianne J. Wigmore,Anna Chrysostomou,John L. Dempsey,Ram Seshadri,Alexander A. Morley +5 more
TL;DR: This prediction was tested for human lymphocytes using a recently developed clonal technique for enumeration of mutations, and an increase of 1.6% per year in mutations with age was detected.