Journal ArticleDOI
Decline in Semen Quality among Fertile Men in Paris during the Past 20 Years
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TLDR
The volume of seminal fluid, the sperm concentration, and the percentages of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa in 1351 healthy fertile men from 1973 through 1992 were measured.Abstract:
Background Several studies have suggested a population-wide decline in the quality of semen over the past 50 years, but clear evidence of decreasing semen quality in recent decades is lacking. Methods From 1973 through 1992 we measured the volume of seminal fluid, the sperm concentration, and the percentages of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa in 1351 healthy fertile men. The data on the semen samples were collected at one sperm bank in Paris. The data in each calendar year were analyzed as a function of the year of donation, the age of each patient, the year of birth, and the duration of sexual abstinence before semen collection. Results There was no change in semen volume during the study period. The mean concentration of sperm decreased by 2.1 percent per year, from 89 ×106 per milliliter in 1973 to 60×106 per milliliter in 1992 (P<0.001). During the same period the percentages of motile and normal spermatozoa decreased by 0.6 percent and 0.5 percent per year, respectively (both P<0.001). ...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis,Jean-Pierre Bourguignon,Linda C. Giudice,Russ Hauser,Gail S. Prins,Ana M. Soto,R. Thomas Zoeller,Andrea C. Gore +7 more
TL;DR: The evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics
Trevor G. Cooper,Elizabeth A. Noonan,Sigrid von Eckardstein,Jacques Auger,H.W. Gordon Baker,Hermann M. Behre,Trine B. Haugen,Thinus F. Kruger,Christina Wang,Michael T. Mbizvo,Kirsten M. Vogelsong +10 more
TL;DR: Semen quality of the reference population was superior to that of the men from the general population and normozoospermic men, and provide an appropriate tool in conjunction with clinical data to evaluate a patient's semen quality and prospects for fertility.
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Testicular dysgenesis syndrome ; an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects
TL;DR: Existing evidence supporting a new concept that poor semen quality, testis cancer, undescended testis and hypospadias are symptoms of one underlying entity, the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS), which may be increasingly common due to adverse environmental influences is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens
Jorma Toppari,John Chr. Larsen,Peter Christiansen,Aleksander Giwercman,Philippe Grandjean,Louis J. Guillette,Bernard Jégou,Tina Kold Jensen,Pierre Jouannet,Niels Keiding,Henrik Leffers,John A. McLachlan,Otto A. Meyer,Jørn Müller,E. Rajpert-De Meyts,Thomas H. Scheike,Richard M. Sharpe,John P. Sumpter,Niels E. Skakkebæk +18 more
TL;DR: The growing number of reports demonstrating that common environmental contaminants and natural factors possess estrogenic activity presents the working hypothesis that the adverse trends in male reproductive health may be, at least in part, associated with exposure to estrogenic or other hormonally active environmental chemicals during fetal and childhood development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years.
TL;DR: There has been a genuine decline in semen quality over the past 50 years, and as male fertility is to some extent correlated with sperm count the results may reflect an overall reduction in male fertility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract
TL;DR: It is argued that the increasing incidence of reproductive abnormalities in the human male may be related to increased oestrogen exposure in utero, and mechanisms by which this exposure could occur are identified.
Book ChapterDOI
Trends in cancer incidence and mortality
TL;DR: For example, a simple summary of cancer mortality trends has been widely accepted as the most important measure of progress against cancer, since it reflects the impact of cancer on people, and has been considered less subject to distortion than incidence or survival as discussed by the authors.
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In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: Adverse effects on the reproductive tract and reproductive performance in male and female offspring
TL;DR: A detailed review of the effects of in utero DES exposure is presented, including increased rates of spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, premature deliveries, and perinatal deaths, all contributing to an increase in overall adverse pregnancy outcome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Semen characteristics as a function of age in 833 fertile men.
Daniel Schwartz,Marie-Jeanne Mayaux,Alfred Spira,Marie-Luce Moscato,P. Jouannet,F. Czyglik,G. David +6 more
TL;DR: There is an improvement in semen characteristics up to 25 years of age, followed by a leveling off and a subsequent decrease, and the variation, although small, is highly significant for the morphologic characteristics and prefreeze and postthaw motility.
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Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens
Jorma Toppari,John Chr. Larsen,Peter Christiansen,Aleksander Giwercman,Philippe Grandjean,Louis J. Guillette,Bernard Jégou,Tina Kold Jensen,Pierre Jouannet,Niels Keiding,Henrik Leffers,John A. McLachlan,Otto A. Meyer,Jørn Müller,E. Rajpert-De Meyts,Thomas H. Scheike,Richard M. Sharpe,John P. Sumpter,Niels E. Skakkebæk +18 more