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Deep Learning: Methods and Applications

Li Deng, +1 more
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TLDR
This monograph provides an overview of general deep learning methodology and its applications to a variety of signal and information processing tasks, including natural language and text processing, information retrieval, and multimodal information processing empowered by multi-task deep learning.
Abstract
This monograph provides an overview of general deep learning methodology and its applications to a variety of signal and information processing tasks. The application areas are chosen with the following three criteria in mind: (1) expertise or knowledge of the authors; (2) the application areas that have already been transformed by the successful use of deep learning technology, such as speech recognition and computer vision; and (3) the application areas that have the potential to be impacted significantly by deep learning and that have been experiencing research growth, including natural language and text processing, information retrieval, and multimodal information processing empowered by multi-task deep learning.

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Deep Learning

TL;DR: Deep learning as mentioned in this paper is a form of machine learning that enables computers to learn from experience and understand the world in terms of a hierarchy of concepts, and it is used in many applications such as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames.
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Deep learning in neural networks

TL;DR: This historical survey compactly summarizes relevant work, much of it from the previous millennium, review deep supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning & evolutionary computation, and indirect search for short programs encoding deep and large networks.
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Geometric Deep Learning: Going beyond Euclidean data

TL;DR: In many applications, such geometric data are large and complex (in the case of social networks, on the scale of billions) and are natural targets for machine-learning techniques as mentioned in this paper.
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Deep convolutional neural networks for image classification: A comprehensive review

TL;DR: This review, which focuses on the application of CNNs to image classification tasks, covers their development, from their predecessors up to recent state-of-the-art deep learning systems.
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Deep learning in agriculture: A survey

TL;DR: A survey of 40 research efforts that employ deep learning techniques, applied to various agricultural and food production challenges indicates that deep learning provides high accuracy, outperforming existing commonly used image processing techniques.
References
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Proceedings Article

ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art performance of CNNs was achieved by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) as discussed by the authors, which consists of five convolutional layers, some of which are followed by max-pooling layers, and three fully-connected layers with a final 1000-way softmax.
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Long short-term memory

TL;DR: A novel, efficient, gradient based method called long short-term memory (LSTM) is introduced, which can learn to bridge minimal time lags in excess of 1000 discrete-time steps by enforcing constant error flow through constant error carousels within special units.
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Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition

TL;DR: In this article, a graph transformer network (GTN) is proposed for handwritten character recognition, which can be used to synthesize a complex decision surface that can classify high-dimensional patterns, such as handwritten characters.
Proceedings Article

Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality

TL;DR: This paper presents a simple method for finding phrases in text, and shows that learning good vector representations for millions of phrases is possible and describes a simple alternative to the hierarchical softmax called negative sampling.
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A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the basic theory of hidden Markov models (HMMs) as originated by L.E. Baum and T. Petrie (1966) and give practical details on methods of implementation of the theory along with a description of selected applications of HMMs to distinct problems in speech recognition.
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