Journal ArticleDOI
Direct Evidence of Electron Tunneling in the Ionization of Sputtered Atoms
Ming L. Yu,Norton D. Lang +1 more
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In this article, strong neutralization of sputtered Cs/sup +/ ions is observed whenever the tunneling channel is opened by changing the surface work function so that a crossing of the Fermi level by the Cs 6s level occurs.Abstract:
Direct evidence has been obtained for electron tunneling between sputtered Cs/sup +/ ions and the solid surfaces from which they originate. Strong neutralization of the Cs/sup +/ ions is observed whenever the tunneling channel is opened by changing the surface work function so that a crossing of the Fermi level by the Cs 6s level occurs. A tunneling model which takes the spatial dependences of the position and the width of the atomic level into account explains the data successfully.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of electronic processes in atom scattering from surfaces
R. Brako,D.M. Newns +1 more
TL;DR: The theory of electronically non-adiabatic processes in atom scattering on surfaces of solids, in particular metals, is reviewed in this paper, where resonant tunnelling of electrons between an electronic orbital of the adatom and the conduction band of the substrate is the dominant charge exchange mechanism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ionization probability of sputtered atoms
TL;DR: In this article, the ionization probability of atoms sputtered from metal surfaces is discussed with the use of an approach of Blandin, Nourtier, and Hone, and a general expression is obtained for this probability for the case in which the energy position of the sputtered-atom valence level has a linear dependence on distance and the atom velocity is constant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of atomic ion emission during sputtering
Ming L. Yu,Norton D. Lang +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized several major experimental and theoretical findings made in the last few years on the mechanisms of secondary ion emission and concluded that the phenomena can be divided into two categories: ion emission from the surfaces of metals and semiconductors tends to have a strong correlation with the work function and can be described quite well with an electron tunneling model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effective work functions for ionic and electronic emissions from mono- and polycrystalline surfaces
TL;DR: In this article, the effective work functions (ϕ+, ϕe and ϕ−) for positive ion, electronic, and negative-ionic emissions from mono- and polycrystalline surfaces are surveyed comprehensively and also investigated critically for the main purposes of evaluating the most probable values of ϕ+ ϕ e andϕ− for a variety of surface species.
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