Journal ArticleDOI
Disorders of the cerebellum: ataxia, dysmetria of thought, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
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TLDR
The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) includes impairments in executive, visual-spatial, and linguistic abilities, with affective disturbance ranging from emotional blunting and depression, to disinhibition and psychotic features.Abstract:
Many diseases involve the cerebellum and produce ataxia, which is characterized by incoordination of balance, gait, extremity and eye movements, and dysarthria. Cerebellar lesions do not always manifest with ataxic motor syndromes, however. The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) includes impairments in executive, visual-spatial, and linguistic abilities, with affective disturbance ranging from emotional blunting and depression, to disinhibition and psychotic features. The cognitive and psychiatric components of the CCAS, together with the ataxic motor disability of cerebellar disorders, are conceptualized within the dysmetria of thought hypothesis. This concept holds that a universal cerebellar transform facilitates automatic modulation of behavior around a homeostatic baseline, and the behavior being modulated is determined by the specificity of anatomic subcircuits, or loops, within the cerebrocerebellar system. Damage to the cerebellar component of the distributed neural circuit subserving sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional processing disrupts the universal cerebellar transform, leading to the universal cerebellar impairment affecting the lesioned domain. The universal cerebellar impairment manifests as ataxia when the sensorimotor cerebellum is involved and as the CCAS when pathology is in the lateral hemisphere of the posterior cerebellum (involved in cognitive processing) or in the vermis (limbic cerebellum). Cognitive and emotional disorders may accompany cerebellar diseases or be their principal clinical presentation, and this has significance for the diagnosis and management of patients with cerebellar dysfunction.read more
Citations
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Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances
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Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
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Mindfulness Practice Leads to Increases in Regional Brain Gray Matter Density
Britta K. Hölzel,James Carmody,Mark Vangel,Christina Congleton,Sita M. Yerramsetti,Tim Gard,Tim Gard,Sara W. Lazar +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that participation in MBSR is associated with changes in gray matter concentration in brain regions involved in learning and memory processes, emotion regulation, self-referential processing, and perspective taking.
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Cerebellum and Nonmotor Function
TL;DR: Neuroimaging and neuropsychological data supply compelling support for the view that a closed-loop circuit represents the major architectural unit of cerebro-cerebellar interactions and provides the cerebellum with the anatomical substrate to influence the control of movement and cognition.
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Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing.
TL;DR: Functional topography is considered to be a consequence of the differential arrangement of connections of the cerebellum with the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral hemispheres, reflecting cerebellar incorporation into the distributed neural circuits subserving movement, cognition, and emotion.
References
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R. J. M. Gardner,Lee Coleman,L. A. Mitchell,L. J. Smith,A. S. Harvey,Ingrid E. Scheffer,Elsdon Storey,M. J. Nowotny,R. A. Sloane,Lionel Lubitz +9 more
TL;DR: All cases have been sporadic, implying that the risk of recurrence within a family may be low, and it is proposed that these cases represent a distinct entity of "near-total absence of the cerebellum with flat ventral pons, and relatively mild clinical affection".
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Focusing Attention on Cognitive Impairment in Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Journal Article
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