Journal ArticleDOI
Disorders of the cerebellum: ataxia, dysmetria of thought, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
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TLDR
The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) includes impairments in executive, visual-spatial, and linguistic abilities, with affective disturbance ranging from emotional blunting and depression, to disinhibition and psychotic features.Abstract:
Many diseases involve the cerebellum and produce ataxia, which is characterized by incoordination of balance, gait, extremity and eye movements, and dysarthria. Cerebellar lesions do not always manifest with ataxic motor syndromes, however. The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) includes impairments in executive, visual-spatial, and linguistic abilities, with affective disturbance ranging from emotional blunting and depression, to disinhibition and psychotic features. The cognitive and psychiatric components of the CCAS, together with the ataxic motor disability of cerebellar disorders, are conceptualized within the dysmetria of thought hypothesis. This concept holds that a universal cerebellar transform facilitates automatic modulation of behavior around a homeostatic baseline, and the behavior being modulated is determined by the specificity of anatomic subcircuits, or loops, within the cerebrocerebellar system. Damage to the cerebellar component of the distributed neural circuit subserving sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional processing disrupts the universal cerebellar transform, leading to the universal cerebellar impairment affecting the lesioned domain. The universal cerebellar impairment manifests as ataxia when the sensorimotor cerebellum is involved and as the CCAS when pathology is in the lateral hemisphere of the posterior cerebellum (involved in cognitive processing) or in the vermis (limbic cerebellum). Cognitive and emotional disorders may accompany cerebellar diseases or be their principal clinical presentation, and this has significance for the diagnosis and management of patients with cerebellar dysfunction.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome: a Task Force Paper
Georgios P. D. Argyropoulos,Kim van Dun,Michael Adamaszek,Maria Leggio,Mario Manto,Marcella Masciullo,Marco Molinari,Catherine J. Stoodley,Frank Van Overwalle,Richard B. Ivry,Jeremy D. Schmahmann +10 more
TL;DR: The paper substantiates the concept of CCAS with recent evidence from different scientific angles, promotes awareness of the CCAS as a clinical entity, and examines the current insight into the therapeutic options available.
Book ChapterDOI
Neurological phenotypes for Down syndrome across the life span.
TL;DR: The neurological phenotype of Down syndrome in early development, childhood, and aging is reviewed and mouse models for DS are providing a platform for the formulation of clinical trials with intervention targeted to synaptic plasticity, brain biochemistry, and morphological brain alterations.
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Neuroanatomical pattern of mitochondrial complex I pathology varies between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression.
Dorit Ben-Shachar,Rachel Karry +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the neuroanatomical pattern of complex I pathology parallels the diversity and similarities in clinical symptoms of these mental disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes
Thomas W. McAllister,James Ford,Laura A. Flashman,Arthur C. Maerlender,Richard M. Greenwald,Jonathan G. Beckwith,Richard P. Bolander,Tor D. Tosteson,John H. Turco,Rema Raman,Sonia Jain +10 more
TL;DR: A relationship between head impact exposure, white matter diffusion measures, and cognition over the course of a single season, even in the absence of diagnosed concussion, is suggested in a cohort of college athletes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) A Novel Approach to Understanding Cerebellar Function in Health and Disease
Giuliana Grimaldi,Georgios P. D. Argyropoulos,Amy J. Bastian,Mar Cortes,Nick J. Davis,Dylan J. Edwards,Roberta Ferrucci,Felipe Fregni,Joseph M. Galea,Masahi Hamada,Mario Manto,R. Chris Miall,Leon Morales-Quezada,Paul A. Pope,Alberto Priori,John C. Rothwell,S. Paul Tomlinson,Pablo Celnik +17 more
TL;DR: Transcranial direct current stimulation of the cerebellum (ctDCS) promises to be a powerful tool for the modulation of cerebellar excitability and has a good safety profile; similar to when applied over cerebral areas.
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