Open AccessJournal Article
Effects of a carbon tax on combined heat and power adoption by a microgrid
Chris Marnay,Jennifer L. Edwards,Ryan Firestone,Srijay Ghosh,Afzal S. Siddidqui,Michael Stadler +5 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors describe the economically optimal adoption and operation of distributed energy resources (DER) by a hypothetical California microgrid ((mu)Grid) consisting of a group of commercial buildings over an historic test year, 1999.Abstract:
This paper describes the economically optimal adoption and operation of distributed energy resources (DER) by a hypothetical California microgrid ((mu)Grid) consisting of a group of commercial buildings over an historic test year, 1999. The optimization is conducted using a customer adoption model (DER-CAM) developed at Berkeley Lab and implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). A (mu)Grid is a semiautonomous grouping of electricity and heat loads interconnected to the existing utility grid (macrogrid) but able to island from it. The (mu)Grid minimizes the cost of meeting its energy requirements (consisting of both electricity and heat loads) by optimizing the installation and operation of DER technologies while purchasing residual energy from the local combined natural gas and electricity utility. The available DER technologies are small-scale generators (< 500 kW), such as reciprocating engines, microturbines, and fuel cells, with or without CHP equipment, such as water- and space-heating and/or absorption cooling. By introducing a tax on carbon emissions, it is shown that if the (mu)Grid is allowed to install CHP-enabled DER technologies, its carbon emissions are mitigated more than without CHP, demonstrating the potential benefits of small-scale CHP technology for climate change mitigation. Reciprocating engines with heat recovery and/or absorption cooling tend to be attractive technologies for the mild southern California climate, but the carbon mitigation tends to be modest compared to purchasing utility electricity because of the predominance of relatively clean generation in California.read more
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Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a potential solution for sustainable, energy-efficient power supply to cater for increasing load growth, supplying power to remote areas, generation of clean power and reduction in emission of greenhouse gases & particulates as per Kyoto protocol.
ReportDOI
Energy manager design for microgrids
Ryan Firestone,Chris Marnay +1 more
TL;DR: By viewing a unified microgrid as a system of supply and demand, rather than simply aSystem of on-site generation devices, the benefits of integrated supply andDemand control can be exploited, such as economic savings and improved system energy efficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal technology choice and investment timing: A stochastic model of industrial cogeneration vs. heat-only production
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an economic model that explains the decision-making problem under uncertainty of an industrial firm that wants to invest in a process technology, where the decision is between making an irreversible investment in a combined heat-and-power production (cogeneration) system, or investing in a conventional heat-only generation system (steam boiler) and to purchase all electricity from the grid.
Journal Article
Control of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Optimal DER Technology Investment and Energy Management in Zero-Net-Energy Buildings
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that has a multi-criteria objective function is used to minimize a weighted average of the building's annual energy costs and CO2 emissions.
Journal Article
Distributed energy resources in practice: A case study analysis and validation of LBNL's customer adoption model
TL;DR: In this article, Bailey et al. presented a case study analysis and validation of LBNL's Customer Adoption Model, which was funded by the Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Distributed Energy and Electric Reliability Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.
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ReportDOI
Modeling of customer adoption of distributed energy resources
Chris Marnay,Joseph S. Chard,Kristina S. Hamachi,Timothy Lipman,Mithra Moezzi,Boubekeur Ouaglal,Afzal S. Siddiqui +6 more
TL;DR: The key accomplishments of this year's work were the acquisition of increasingly accurate data on DER technologies, including the development of methods for forecasting cost reductions for these technologies, and the creation of a credible example California {mu}Grid for use in this study and in future work.
ReportDOI
Integrated assessment of dispersed energy resources deployment
Chris Marnay,Raquel Blanco,Kristina S. Hamachi,Cornelia P. Kawaan,Julie Osborn,F. Javier Rubio +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated framework for forecasting the adoption of distributed energy resources (DER), both by electricity customers and by the various institutions within the industry itself, and for evaluating the effect of this adoption on the power system, particularly on the overall reliability and quality of electrical service to the end user is presented.
The distributed utility: technology, customer, and public policy changes shaping the electrical utility of tomorrow
TL;DR: Etude technico-economique de ce que pourrait etre les installations de production and de distribution de l'electricite aux Etats Unis, dans le future as discussed by the authors.
Journal Article
The California Climate Action Registry: Development of methodologies for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation
Lynn Price,Chris Marnay,Jayant Sathaye,Scott Muritshaw,Diane Fisher,Amol Phadke,Guido Franco +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed three methods for estimating electricity emissions factors for calculating the combined net carbon dioxide emissions from all generating facilities that provide electricity to Californians, and the results of this work will be taken into consideration by the California Climate Action Registry when finalizing its guidance for use of electricity emissions factor in calculating an entity's greenhouse gas emissions.
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