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Emoticon Style: Interpreting Differences in Emoticons Across Cultures

TLDR
This paper investigates the semantic, cultural, and social aspects of emoticon usage on Twitter and shows that emoticons are not limited to conveying a specific emotion or used as jokes, but rather are socio-cultural norms, whose meaning can vary depending on the identity of the speaker.
Abstract
Emoticons are a key aspect of text-based communication, and are the equivalent of nonverbal cues to the medium of online chat, forums, and social media like Twitter. As emoticons become more widespread in computer mediated communication, a vocabulary of different symbols with subtle emotional distinctions emerges especially across different cultures. In this paper, we investigate the semantic, cultural, and social aspects of emoticon usage on Twitter and show that emoticons are not limited to conveying a specific emotion or used as jokes, but rather are socio-cultural norms, whose meaning can vary depending on the identity of the speaker. We also demonstrate how these norms propagate through the Twitter @-reply network. We confirm our results on a large-scale dataset of over one billion Tweets from different time periods and countries.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Understanding and identifying the use of emotes in toxic chat on Twitch

TL;DR: This paper analyzed chat conversations from the popular streaming platform Twitch to understand the varied types of visual toxic chat and found that emotes were sometimes used to replace a letter, seek attention, or for emotional expression.

The role of instant messenger as computermediated communication tool for knowledge sharing and teamwork performance

TL;DR: The virtuality of teams has increased due to the emergence computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools in the last decades and the push of instant messengers in private life has also increased.
Dissertation

Designing for Ecosystems of Communication Apps

TL;DR: It is argued that when people communicate via multiple apps, each app shapes how communication happens in others, and the focus of study should shift from building isolated apps to designing mechanisms that help users preserve their communication places and express their identities and intimate bonds with others consistently across their apps.

What Have We Missed When Examining Twitter as a Communication Medium During Disasters

Jae Bong Son
TL;DR: A way to quantify message clarity in a tweet based on each tweet’s number of topics and the entropy measure is introduced, confirming that a decrease in message clarity lowers retweet frequency, and this relationship is moderated by supplemental information, such as Twitter URLs.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Quantifying collective mood by emoticon networks

TL;DR: Emoticon networks are proposed to quantify the nontrivial nature of collective mood in social media, and the nodes represent Japanese emoticons and adjectives, and directed links represent information flows among them, which are measured by effective transfer entropy.
References
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TL;DR: The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) system as discussed by the authors is a text analysis system that counts words in psychologically meaningful categories to detect meaning in a wide variety of experimental settings, including to show attentional focus, emotionality, social relationships, thinking styles and individual differences.
Proceedings Article

Measuring User Influence in Twitter: The Million Follower Fallacy

TL;DR: An in-depth comparison of three measures of influence, using a large amount of data collected from Twitter, is presented, suggesting that topological measures such as indegree alone reveals very little about the influence of a user.
Journal ArticleDOI

An evolutionary approach to norms

TL;DR: In this article, the emergence and stability of behavioral norms in the context of a game played by people of limited rationality is analyzed with a computer simulation based upon the evolutionary principle that strategies shown to be relatively effective will be used more in the future than less effective strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization

TL;DR: In this paper, an agent-based adaptive model is proposed to reveal the effects of a mechanism of convergent social influence, where actors are placed at fixed sites and the basic premise is that the more similar an actor is to a neighbor, the more likely that that actor will adopt one of the neighbor's traits.
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