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Endophilia or Exophobia: Beyond Discrimination
TLDR
In this article, a field experiment in which graders at one university were randomly assigned students' exams that did or did not contain the students' names, on average they found favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither favoritism nor discrimination by gender, finding that a changing correlation between endophilia and exophobia can generate perverse predictions for observed market discrimination.Abstract:
The immense literature on discrimination treats outcomes as relative: One group suffers compared to another But does a difference arise because agents discriminate against others – are exophobic – or because they favor their own kind – are endophilic? This difference matters, as the relative importance of the types of discrimination and their inter-relation affect market outcomes Using a field experiment in which graders at one university were randomly assigned students' exams that did or did not contain the students' names, on average we find favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns We observe heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders' preferences We show that a changing correlation between endophilia and exophobia can generate perverse predictions for observed market discriminationread more
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References
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Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Amos Tversky,Daniel Kahneman +1 more
TL;DR: The authors described three heuristics that are employed in making judgements under uncertainty: representativeness, availability of instances or scenarios, and adjustment from an anchor, which is usually employed in numerical prediction when a relevant value is available.
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Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
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Teachers, Schools, and Academic Achievement
Eric A. Hanushek,Eric A. Hanushek,Eric A. Hanushek,John F. Kain,Steven G. Rivkin,Steven G. Rivkin +5 more
TL;DR: The authors disentangles the separate factors influencing achievement with special attention given to the role of teacher differences and other aspects of schools, and estimates educational production functions based on models of achievement growth with individual fixed effects.
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TL;DR: A review of 122 research reports (184 independent samples, 14,900 subjects) found average r =.274 for prediction of behavioral, judgment, and physiological measures by Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures as mentioned in this paper.
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Race and gender in the labor market
TL;DR: The authors summarizes recent research in economics that investigates differentials by race and gender in the labor market, including recent extensions of taste-based theories, theories of occupational exclusion, and theories of statistical discrimination.
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