Journal ArticleDOI
Endothelial cell superoxide generation: regulation and relevance for cardiovascular pathophysiology
Jian-Mei Li,Ajay M. Shah +1 more
TLDR
Current knowledge regarding the sources of endothelial ROS generation, their regulation, their involvement in redox signaling, and the relevance of enhanced ROS generation and redox signaled to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders where endothelial activation and dysfunction are implicated are reviewed.Abstract:
The endothelial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important both physiologically and in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disorders. ROS generated by endothelial cells include su...read more
Citations
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Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease
TL;DR: Current evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynitrite, produced from the diffusion-controlled reaction between NO and another free radical, the superoxide anion, which is presented in detail in this review.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production
TL;DR: O Ongoing research continues to probe the mechanisms by which oxidants influence skeletal muscle contractile properties and to explore interventions capable of protecting muscle from oxidant-mediated dysfunction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Therapeutic Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Renaissance Half a Century after the Discovery of Allopurinol
TL;DR: A critical overview of the effects of XO inhibitors in various pathophysiological conditions is presented and the various emerging therapeutic strategies offered by this approach are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen peroxide: a signaling messenger.
James R. Stone,Suping Yang +1 more
TL;DR: This review evaluates the evidence that H2O2 functions as a signaling agent in higher organisms in light of the known biology and biochemistry of H2 O2 and identifies oxidation-dependent steps in signal transduction pathways being uncovered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutathione Peroxidase-1 in Health and Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities
TL;DR: The role of GPx-1 in cancer and cardiovascular disease is discussed and potential future therapies to harness the beneficial effects of this ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme are speculates.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Free Radicals in the Physiological Control of Cell Function
TL;DR: There is growing evidence that aging involves, in addition, progressive changes in free radical-mediated regulatory processes that result in altered gene expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress
Hua Cai,David G. Harrison +1 more
TL;DR: Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters many functions of the endothelium, including modulation of vasomotor tone, and as the role of these various enzyme sources of ROS become clear, it will perhaps be possible to use more specific therapies to prevent their production and ultimately correct endothelial dysfunction.
Journal ArticleDOI
NAD(P)H Oxidase: Role in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease
TL;DR: Vascular NAD(P)H oxidases have been found to be essential in the physiological response of vascular cells, including growth, migration, and modification of the extracellular matrix and have been linked to hypertension and to pathological states associated with uncontrolled growth and inflammation, such as atherosclerosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.
TL;DR: Increased endothelial O2- production in HV may inactivate endothelium-derived nitric oxide and provide a source for other oxygen radicals, contributing to the early atherosclerotic process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin leads to uncoupling of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in hypertension
Ulf Landmesser,Sergey Dikalov,S. Russ Price,Louise McCann,Tohru Fukai,Steven M. Holland,William E. Mitch,David G. Harrison +7 more
TL;DR: Evidence is obtained that hypertension produces a cascade involving production of ROSs from the NADPH oxidase leading to oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin and uncoupling of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which decreases NO production and increases ROS production from eNOS.
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