Environmental Contaminant Exposures and Preterm Birth: A Comprehensive Review
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TLDR
A comprehensive review of all known studies published from 1992 through August 2012 linking maternal exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy with preterm birth found no consistent evidence was found for positive associations between individual chemical exposures and pre term birth.Abstract:
Preterm birth is a significant public health concern, as it is associated with high risk of infant mortality, various morbidities in both the neonatal period and later in life, and a significant societal economic burden. As many cases are of unknown etiology, identification of the contribution of environmental contaminant exposures is a priority in the study of preterm birth. This is a comprehensive review of all known studies published from 1992 through August 2012 linking maternal exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy with preterm birth. Using PubMed searches, studies were identified that examined associations between preterm birth and exposure to five categories of environmental toxicants, including persistent organic pollutants, drinking-water contaminants, atmospheric pollutants, metals and metalloids, and other environmental contaminants. Individual studies were summarized and specific suggestions were made for future work in regard to exposure and outcome assessment methods as well as study design, with the recommendation of focusing on potential mediating toxicological mechanisms. In conclusion, no consistent evidence was found for positive associations between individual chemical exposures and preterm birth. By identifying limitations and addressing the gaps that may have impeded the ability to identify true associations thus far, this review can guide future epidemiologic studies of environmental exposures and preterm birth.read more
Citations
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References
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The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General
TL;DR: This new report of the Surgeon General on the health effects of smoking provides a startling picture of the damage to health caused by tobacco use as discussed by the authors, and tragically this injury often leads to incurable disease and death.
Book
Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention
TL;DR: The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions and this book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate,perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers.
Geary W. Olsen,Jean M. Burris,David J. Ehresman,John W. Froehlich,Andrew M. Seacat,John L. Butenhoff,Larry R. Zobel +6 more
TL;DR: Humans appear to have a long half-life of serum elimination of PFOS, PFHS, and PFOA, which may be due, in part, to a saturable renal resorption process.
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Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004
TL;DR: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income, and these first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities.
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Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the U.S. population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000.
Manori J. Silva,Dana B. Barr,John A. Reidy,Nicole A. Malek,Carolyn C. Hodge,Samuel P. Caudill,John W. Brock,Larry L. Needham,Antonia M. Calafat +8 more
TL;DR: For example, this article measured the urinary monoester metabolites of seven commonly used phthalates in approximately 2,540 samples collected from participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2000, who were greater than or equal to 6 years of age.