Environmental Fate of 14C Radiolabeled 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Soil Microcosms.
Christopher I. Olivares,Camila L. Madeira,Reyes Sierra-Alvarez,Warren M. Kadoya,Leif Abrell,Jon Chorover,Jim A. Field +6 more
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In this paper, the authors studied biotransformation of DNAN in soil and sludge microcosms supplemented with uniformly ring-labeled 14C-DNAN to quantify the distribution of label in soil, aqueous, and gaseous phases.Abstract:
2,4-Dinitrosanisole (DNAN) is an insensitive munitions component replacing conventional explosives. While DNAN is known to biotransform in soils to aromatic amines and azo-dimers, it is seldom mineralized by indigenous soil bacteria. Incorporation of DNAN biotransformation products into soil as humus-bound material could serve as a plausible remediation strategy. The present work studied biotransformation of DNAN in soil and sludge microcosms supplemented with uniformly ring-labeled 14C-DNAN to quantify the distribution of label in soil, aqueous, and gaseous phases. Electron donor amendments, different redox conditions (anaerobic, aerobic, sequential anaerobic–aerobic), and the extracellular oxidoreductase enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were evaluated to maximize incorporation of DNAN biotransformation products into the nonextractable soil humus fraction, humin. Irreversible humin incorporation of 14C-DNAN occurred at higher rates in anaerobic conditions, with a moderate increase when pyruvate was ad...read more
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New Insights into the Photochemical Degradation of the Insensitive Munition Formulation IMX-101 in Water
TL;DR: It is concluded that the three constituents of IMX-101 can be photodegraded in surface water and that fate and primary degradation products of IMx- 101 can be influenced by the interactions between the formulation ingredients and their degradation products.
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Right on target: using plants and microbes to remediate explosives
TL;DR: Progress made is covered in understanding the fundamental biochemistry behind the detoxification of explosives, including new shock-insensitive explosive compounds; how field-relevant plant species have been characterized and genetically engineered; and the major roles that endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms play in the detoxifying of organic pollutants such as explosives.
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Fate of aromatic amines through decolorization of real textile wastewater under anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactor
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed the removal efficiency and the fate of AAs in the treatment of real textile wastewater by anoxic-aerobic MBR and found that most AAs possessing one aromatic ring and an Electron Donating Group (EDG) such as (-NH2) and (-CH3) are highly biodegradable under aerobic condition, whereas AAs with 2 aromatic rings and strong Electron Withdrawal Group (EWG), such as azo bond and (-Cl) exhibited low to moderate removal efficiency (below 75%).
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Degradation or humification: rethinking strategies to attenuate organic pollutants.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on degradation and humification of organic matter, especially recalcitrant organic pollutants, and advocate further investigation of organic pollutants in future studies, and discuss challenges in understanding the contribution, underlying mechanisms, and artificial synthesis of artificial humic substances for removing organic pollutants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Different Mechanisms of Alkaline and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Insensitive Munition Component 2,4-Dinitroanisole Lead to Identical Products
Bridget A. Ulrich,Mallory L. Palatucci,Jakov Bolotin,Jim C. Spain,Thomas B. Hofstetter,Thomas B. Hofstetter +5 more
TL;DR: Whereas both reactions generated 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of DNAN and DNP revealed that these reactions occur by different mechanisms, reflecting the previously postulated nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
References
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