Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for the existence of a family of bacterial nitroreductases capable of activating nitrated polycyclics to mutagens.
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A derivative of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 which does not respond to the potent mutagenicity of 1,8-dinitropyrene is described and appears to be deficient in a nitroreductase which reduces nitrated pyrenes and possibly other nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to corresponding hydroxylamines, the penultimate mutagens.Abstract:
A derivative of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 which does not respond to the potent mutagenicity of 1,8-dinitropyrene is described. This novel strain also shows a lack of response to the mutagenic action of 1,3-dinitropyrene and a greatly reduced response to 1,6-dinitropyrene and 1-nitropyrene. The responses to 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and 1,3,6,8-tetranitropyrene are affected to a much lesser extent. This strain (TA98/1,8DNP6) is fully sensitive to the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, niridazole, nitroacridine, and nonnitrated frameshift mutagens. This strain appears to be deficient in a nitroreductase which reduces nitrated pyrenes and possibly other nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to corresponding hydroxylamines, the penultimate mutagens.read more
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Revised methods for the salmonella mutagenicity test
Dorothy M. Maron,Bruce N. Ames +1 more
TL;DR: Two new tester strains, a frameshift strain and a strain carrying an ochre mutation on a multicopy plasmid (TA102), are added to the standard tester set and two substitutions are made in diagnostic mutagens to eliminate MNNG and 9-aminoacridine.
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Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of nitroarenes: All nitro-containing chemicals were not created equal
TL;DR: The nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constitute a group of chemicals of environmental concern which display a broad spectrum of mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties and are the most potent direct-acting bacterial mutagens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutagens in surface waters: a review
TL;DR: This analysis demonstrates that some rivers in the world, especially in Europe, Asia and South America, are contaminated with potent direct-acting and indirect-acting frameshift-type and base substitution-type mutagens, formed unintentionally, in several surface waters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Nitroarenes and Their Sources in the Environment
TL;DR: The incidence and histological features of tumors induced by nitroarenes are described, and the possible association between human lung cancer and nitrorenes is discussed, and speculation on the risk of nitroAREnes for humans is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test
TL;DR: The methods described include the standard plate test, the use and storage of the bacterial tester strains, preparation and use of the liver homogenates, and the methods of inducing the rats for elevated microsomal enzyme activity.
Journal Article
Carcinogenesis by chemicals: an overview--G. H. A. Clowes memorial lecture.
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Atmospheric reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: facile formation of mutagenic nitro derivatives.
James N. Pitts,K.A. Van Cauwenberghe,Daniel Grosjean,J.P. Schmid,Dennis R. Fitz,William L. Belser,G.P. Knudson,P.M. Hynds +7 more
TL;DR: In simulated atmospheres containing 1 part per million nitrogen dioxide and traces of nitric acid, directly mutagenic nitro derivatives are readily formed from both benzo[a]pyrene and perylene, a non-mutagen in the Ames reversion assay.
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The Identification of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Derivatives in Mutagenic Fractions of Diesel Particulate Extracts
TL;DR: It has been found that the transition fraction of diesel particulate matter contains mostly PAH derivatives consisting of hydroxy, ketone, quinone, carboxaldehyde, acid anhydride and dihydroxy derivatives of PAH.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitropyrenes: isolation, identificaton, and reduction of mutagenic impurities in carbon black and toners.
Herbert S. Rosenkranz,Elena C. McCoy,Sanders Daniel R,Marsha A. Butler,Demosthenes K. Kiriazides,Robert Mermelstein +5 more
TL;DR: Nitropyrenes are potent frameshift mutagens, and possible mechanisms for their biological action are discussed.