Journal ArticleDOI
Nitropyrenes: isolation, identificaton, and reduction of mutagenic impurities in carbon black and toners.
Herbert S. Rosenkranz,Elena C. McCoy,Sanders Daniel R,Marsha A. Butler,Demosthenes K. Kiriazides,Robert Mermelstein +5 more
TLDR
Nitropyrenes are potent frameshift mutagens, and possible mechanisms for their biological action are discussed.Abstract:Â
Extracts of selected xerographic toners and copies were found to be mutagenic in the Salmonella assay. The activity was independent of the xerographic hardware and process and was traced to nitropyrenes present as impurities in the carbon black, the toner colorant. Manufacturing process changes resulted in a substantial reduction of the nitropyrene content of the carbon black and thus in the mutagenicity of the corresponding toners. Nitropyrenes are potent frameshift mutagens, and possible mechanisms for their biological action are discussed.read more
Citations
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Revised methods for the salmonella mutagenicity test
Dorothy M. Maron,Bruce N. Ames +1 more
TL;DR: Two new tester strains, a frameshift strain and a strain carrying an ochre mutation on a multicopy plasmid (TA102), are added to the standard tester set and two substitutions are made in diagnostic mutagens to eliminate MNNG and 9-aminoacridine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gram-scale synthesis of single-crystalline graphene quantum dots with superior optical properties
Liang Wang,Yanli Wang,Tao Xu,Haobo Liao,Chenjie Yao,Yuan Liu,Zhen Li,Zhiwen Chen,Dengyu Pan,Litao Sun,Minghong Wu +10 more
TL;DR: The gram-scale synthesis of single-crystalline GQDs by a facile molecular fusion route under mild and green hydrothermal conditions is reported, which bestowed with excellent optical properties such as brightexcitonic fluorescence, strong excitonic absorption bands extending to the visible region, large molar extinction coefficients and long-term photostability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of nitroarenes: All nitro-containing chemicals were not created equal
TL;DR: The nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constitute a group of chemicals of environmental concern which display a broad spectrum of mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties and are the most potent direct-acting bacterial mutagens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Nitroarenes and Their Sources in the Environment
TL;DR: The incidence and histological features of tumors induced by nitroarenes are described, and the possible association between human lung cancer and nitrorenes is discussed, and speculation on the risk of nitroAREnes for humans is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect-directed analysis: a promising tool for the identification of organic toxicants in complex mixtures?
TL;DR: While EDA is a powerful tool to identify specifically acting individual toxicants close to the source of emission, it is inappropriate for screening purposes and often may fail in remote areas where the concentrations of specific toxicants are too low relative to the nonspecific toxicity of the whole mixture of natural and anthropogenic compounds.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test
TL;DR: The methods described include the standard plate test, the use and storage of the bacterial tester strains, preparation and use of the liver homogenates, and the methods of inducing the rats for elevated microsomal enzyme activity.
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Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals
TL;DR: There is a high correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity: 90% (156/174) of carcinogens are mutagenic in the test and despite the severe limitations inherent in defining non-carcinogenicity, few "non-Carcinogens" show any degree of mutageniability.
Journal ArticleDOI
An improved bacterial test system for the detection and classification of mutagens and carcinogens
TL;DR: A test that compares mutagenic killing in deep rough strains with and without DNA excision repair, and a test using forward mutagenesis in a deep rough strain lacking excison repair are described.
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Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals: discussion.
Joyce McCann,Bruce N. Ames +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence that chemical carcinogens and radiation, likely to initiate most human cancer and genetic defects do so by damage to DNA is discussed, suggesting a central role in a program of prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identifying Environmental Chemicals Causing Mutations and Cancer
TL;DR: Newly developed short-term tests, most of them assaying for mutagenicity, are discussed as key tools in identifying environmental mutagens and carcinogens.