Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise and the Aging Brain
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TLDR
Exercise may postpone the deterioration in response speed that is generally observed in the aged motor system, by maintaining the nigrostriatal dopamine system.Abstract:
The clinical landmarks of an aging motor system closely resemble diseases of the extrapyramidal system, notably the basal ganglia. Similarly, mechanisms that appear to be related to one of these diseases, Parkinson's disease, also seem to be related to motor system aging. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, impaired in both Parkinson's disease and in aging, has been shown to be substantially involved in movement initiation. This involvement has been shown by analyzing nigrostriatal dopamine in fast vs slow responding animals, and by manipulating the dopaminergic system by pharmacological methods. Exercise may postpone the deterioration in response speed that is generally observed in the aged motor system, by maintaining the nigrostriatal dopamine system. This mechanism is suggested by differences in neurotransmitter function seen in exercise rats compared to sedentary rats, and in studies of dopamine metabolites obtained from exercised humans. These mechanisms suggest that an excellent physica...read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Reaction time in Parkinson's disease
TL;DR: MT is more useful than RT as an objective indicator of therapeutic efficacy, but further studies of RT (with tests requiring programming of displacement, velocity, and accuracy) may provide insights into the nature of the central motor disorder in Parkinson's disease.
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TL;DR: Results of three experiments are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that Parkinsonism interferes with the generation of accurate ballistic action which are characteristic of normal skilled movement.
Journal Article
Increased synthesis of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the intact rat during exercise and exposure to cold.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the increased sympathetic stimulation, presumably associated with such stressful conditions, induces increased synthesis of norepinephrine and epinephrine and the regulatory mechanism most likely operates at the tyrosine hydroxylase step, which is ratelimiting.