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Expression and regulation of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration

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TLDR
Upregulation of MMP and ADAMTS expression and enzymatic activity is implicated in disc ECM destruction, leading to the development of IDD.
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This article is published in The Spine Journal.The article was published on 2013-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 312 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: ADAMTS & Aggrecanase.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Mechanics and biology in intervertebral disc degeneration: a vicious circle

TL;DR: It is argued that mechanics and biology are interconnected and amplify each other and the proposed disease model explains the comparable efficacy of very different animal models of disc degeneration, but also helps to consider the consequences of therapeutic interventions, either at the cellular, material or mechanical level.
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Inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration

TL;DR: This review focuses on how inflammation has been associated with IVD degeneration by describing observational and in vitro studies as well as in vivo animal models and provides an overview of IVD regenerative therapies that target key inflammatory players.
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The role of IL-1β and TNF-α in intervertebral disc degeneration.

TL;DR: In this paper, the expression pattern and signal transduction pathways of IL-1β and TNF-α are reviewed, and their similar and different roles in IDD are focused on.
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MMPs and ADAMTSs in intervertebral disc degeneration.

TL;DR: A greater understanding of the catabolic pathways involved in IDD will help to develop potential prophylactic or regenerative biological treatment for degenerative disc disease in the future.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry.

TL;DR: This review describes the members of the matrixin family and discusses substrate specificity, domain structure and function, the activation of proMMPs, the regulation of matrixin activity by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and their pathophysiological implication.
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Structure and function of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs

TL;DR: The members of the MMP family are introduced and their domain structure and function, proenyme activation, the mechanism of inhibition by TIMPs and their significance in physiology and pathology are discussed.
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Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: evolution, structure and function.

TL;DR: The evolution of TIMPs, the recently elucidated high-resolution structures of TIMP and their complexes with metalloproteinases, and the results of mutational and other studies of structure-function relationships that have enhanced understanding of the mechanism and specificity of the inhibition of MMPs by TIMPs are highlighted.
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Matrix metalloproteinases: they're not just for matrix anymore!

TL;DR: The matrix metalloproteinases have been viewed as bulldozers, destroying the extracellular matrix to permit normal remodeling and contribute to pathological tissue destruction and tumor cell invasion, but perhaps MMPs should be viewed more as pruning shears, playing sophisticated roles in modulating normal cellular behavior.
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Degeneration of the intervertebral disc

TL;DR: The intervertebral disc is a cartilaginous structure that resembles articular cartilage in its biochemistry, but morphologically it is clearly different, and shows degenerative and ageing changes earlier than does any other connective tissue in the body.
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