Failing Services on Urban Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Review on Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Interventions : A Review on Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Interventions
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In this paper, the authors provide a review of literature on this question over the last decade and show that research is mostly on symptoms and has not led to a deeper diagnosis of causes.Abstract:
The potential and scale of cities enable economic growth and the improvement of citizens’ access to jobs, education, healthcare, culture, public utilities and services. Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the key services provided by cities. Its operations are complex, very visible to the general public, and impacted by strong financial, societal, and political constraints. Performances in developing countries, however, are not positive. United Nations research shows urban collection services covering no more than 39% of the population in low-income countries. Why are many cities in developing countries not able to use their increasing wealth and scale for basic SWM services such as city cleaning, collection, and sustainable landfilling? This paper provides a review of literature on this question over the last decade. It shows that research is mostly on symptoms and has not led to a deeper diagnosis of causes. Lack of resources, infrastructure, awareness, and institutional strength are often pinpointed as causes but, in fact, they should be addressed as symptoms. These symptoms should be designated as dependent variables in a complex causal network with systemic feedbacks, hindering or neutralizing attempts to improve performances if not properly dealt with. Research should concentrate more on assessing the relations between urbanization, urban processes, and urban governance that shape the performance of urban solid waste management. System dynamics modeling may provide new approaches for this diagnosis.read more
Citations
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Solid waste collection optimization objectives, constraints, modeling approaches, and their challenges toward achieving sustainable development goals
Mahammad A. Hannan,M. S. Hossain Lipu,Mahmuda Akhtar,Rawshan Ara Begum,Abdullah Al Mamun,Aini Hussain,Md. Shahin Mia,Hassan Basri +7 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the SWC system concerning solid waste collection objectives, constraints, the different optimization approaches, and models, along with their strengths and weakness is delivered.
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Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Gas Generation Model (LandGEM) to evaluate energy recovery potential from solid waste in Kakia open dumpsite landfill, the gas generation model was used according to LandGEM results, landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) generation potential and capacity were determined.
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Assessment of municipal solid waste collection in Bolivia: Perspectives for avoiding uncontrolled disposal and boosting waste recycling options
Navarro Ferronato,Grecia Paola Portugal Alarcón,Edith Gabriela Guisbert Lizarazu,Vincenzo Torretta +3 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated households' waste collection in a Bolivian developing city with the aim to find a solution to foster waste safe disposal and recycling, and they implemented field analysis together with the use of geographic information systems and the life cycle assessment approach where the lack of data is challenging.
References
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Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of methods was used in order to assess the stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste management in the cities, in more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Future scenarios of global plastic waste generation and disposal
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented projections of global MPW generation at 1'km resolution from now to 2060, showing that the future MPW load will continue to be disproportionately high in African and Asian continents even in the future years.
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