Fast frequency response for effective frequency control in power systems with low inertia
Qiteng Hong,Marcel Nedd,Sean Norris,Ibrahim Abdulhadi,Mazaher Karimi,Vladimir Terzija,Benjamin Marshall,Keith Bell,Campbell Booth +8 more
TLDR
The potential of using Fast Frequency Response (FFR) to enhance frequency control in power systems with low inertia is investigated in detail and the design and operation of the EFCC scheme are presented, along with a case study demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing the frequency control.Abstract:
The increasing penetration of renewable generation has led to the decrease of power systems’ overall inertia, which introduces significant challenges to frequency stability. In this paper, the potential of using Fast Frequency Response (FFR) to enhance frequency control in power systems with low inertia is investigated in detail. A Generic System Frequency Response (GSFR) model taking into account of the penetration level of Non-Synchronous Generation (NSG) and FFR has been developed and used to investigate the impact of reduced inertia on frequency control and demonstrate that the amount of reserve power to be scheduled can be significantly reduced with the deployment of FFR. The impact of the different FFR resources' characteristics (e.g. response delay, ramp rate, etc.) on the effectiveness of frequency control is also investigated, based on which the desirable specifications for FFR schemes are summarised. These desirable properties of FFR schemes are taken into account in the design of a wide-area monitoring and control system termed ‘Enhanced Frequency Control Capability (EFCC)’, which is proposed for the delivery of FFR in the future Great Britain transmission system. The design and operation of the EFCC scheme are presented, along with a case study demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing the frequency control.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fast Frequency Response From Energy Storage Systems—A Review of Grid Standards, Projects and Technical Issues
Lexuan Meng,Jawwad Zafar,Shafiuzzaman K. Khadem,Alan Collinson,Kyle C. Murchie,Federico Coffele,Graeme Burt +6 more
TL;DR: This paper makes a review on the above mentioned aspects, including the emerging frequency regulation services, updated grid codes and grid-scale ESS projects, and some key technical issues are discussed and prospects are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal Portfolio of Distinct Frequency Response Services in Low-Inertia Systems
TL;DR: In this paper a closed-form solution to the differential equation describing frequency dynamics is proposed, which allows to obtain frequency-security algebraic constraints to be implemented in optimization routines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design and Validation of a Wide Area Monitoring and Control System for Fast Frequency Response
Qiteng Hong,Mazaher Karimi,Mingyu Sun,Sean Norris,Oleg Bagleybter,Douglas Wilson,Ibrahim Abdulhadi,Vladimir Terzija,Ben Marshall,Campbell Booth +9 more
TL;DR: Case studies using highly realistic hardware-in-the-loop setups are presented and these demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of detecting frequency events and deploying appropriate and coordinated responses in a timely fashion even with degraded communication conditions, thereby effectively enhancing the frequency control in future low-inertia systems and permitting higher penetrations of low-carbon and low- inertia energy sources.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grid frequency volatility in future low inertia scenarios: Challenges and mitigation options
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse historic frequency data from Great Britain to gain an understanding of the past and current state of frequency volatility and some of the driving forces behind patterns and trends.
Journal ArticleDOI
Addressing frequency control challenges in future low-inertia power systems: a Great Britain perspective
Qiteng Hong,Asif Uddin Khan,Callum Henderson,Agusti Egea-Alvarez,Dimitrios Tzelepis,Campbell Booth +5 more
TL;DR: Three main techniques that act over different time scales are evaluated: synchronous condensers, inertia emulation, and fast frequency response; their relative advantages and limitations with learnings from recent research and development projects in GB are evaluated.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a low-order system frequency response (SFR) model that can be used for estimating the frequency behavior of a large power system, or islanded portion thereof, in response to sudden load disturbances.
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