Two forms of cooperation in distributed problem solving are considered: task-sharing and result-sharing, and the basic methodology is presented and systems in which it has been used are described.
Abstract:
Two forms of cooperation in distributed problem solving are considered: task-sharing and result-sharing. In the former, nodes assist each other by sharing the computational load for the execution of subtasks of the overall problem. In the latter, nodes assist each other by sharing partial results which are based on somewhat different perspectives on the overall problem. Different perspectives arise because the nodes use different knowledge sources (KS's) (e.g., syntax versus acoustics in the case of a speech-understanding system) or different data (e.g., data that is sensed at different locations in the case of a distributed sensing system). Particular attention is given to control and to internode communication for the two forms of cooperation. For each, the basic methodology is presented and systems in which it has been used are described. The two forms are then compared and the types of applications for which they are suitable are considered.
TL;DR: A taxonomy of dependency types is developed by considering possible combinations of activities using resources and how the taxonomy helps to analyze organizational processes and suggest alternative processes.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a theoretical framework for modeling cooperative dialogue, in which dialogue utterances are generated and interpreted pragmatically in the context of a theory of rational interaction, expressed as explicitly and formally represented principles of rational agenthood and cooperative interaction.
TL;DR: An abstract formal model of decision-making in a social setting that covers all aspects of the process, from recognition of a potential for cooperation t hrough to joint decision, and is formalized through a new, many-sorted, multi-modal logic.
TL;DR: The DATMS framework differs from other previously designed problem solving organizations in its method of reasoning, its ability to support an explanation facility, and its addressing of the problem of culpability.
TL;DR: The authors discuss the development of open systems science beginning with its roots in the fundamentals of concurrency, which presents some challenges and some fruitful new ideas for distributed artificial intelligence that are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the contract net protocol has been developed to specify problem-solving communication and control for nodes in a distributed problem solver, where task distribution is affected by a negotiation process, a discussion carried on between nodes with tasks to be executed and nodes that may be able to execute those tasks.
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TL;DR: A framework called the contract net is presented that specifies communication and control in a distributed problem solver, and comparisons with planner, conniver, hearsay-ii, and pup 6 are used to demonstrate that negotiation is a natural extension to the transfer of control mechanisms used in earlier problem-solving systems.
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Q1. What have the authors contributed in "Frameworks for cooperation in distributed problem solving" ?
For each, the basic methodology is presented and systems in which it has been used are described.
Q2. What is the purpose of the answer synthesis?
Answer synthesis is performed in the third phase; that is, integration of subproblem results to achieve a solution to the overall problem.
Q3. How do the authors use negotiation to solve the connection problem?
In order to maximize system concurrency, both nodes with tasks to be executed and nodes ready to execute tasks can proceed simultaneously, engaging each other in a process that resembles contract negotiation to solve the connection problem.
Q4. How many bits must be communicated by each node?
Assume that each of the nodes operates at 108 instructions per second; the computation and communication load is shared equally by all nodes, and the problem-solving architecture is such that one bit must be communicated by each node for every ten instructions that it executes.
Q5. What is the common metaphor for a problem solver?
A familiar metaphor for a problem solver operating in a distributed processor is a group of human experts experienced at working together, trying to complete a large task.
Q6. What is the purpose of the contract net protocol?
The connection that is effected with the contract net protocol is an extension to the pattern-directed invocation used in many AI programming languages (see [5] for anin-depth discussion).
Q7. What is the definition of a block world image?
A blocks world image is a line drawing that shows the edges of a collection of simple objects (e.g., cubes, wedges, and pyramids) in a scene.
Q8. What is the key to achieving consistent image labeling?
Thus the key to achieving consistent image labeling is to compare the label set of each vertex with those of its neighbors and discard inconsistent labels.