From ear to uncertainty: vestibular contributions to cognitive function
Paul F. Smith,Yiwen Zheng +1 more
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TLDR
The evidence that vestibular loss causes cognitive disorders, especially spatial memory deficits, in animals and humans is summarized and the evidence that these deficits are not due to hearing loss, problems with motor control, oscillopsia or anxiety and depression is critically evaluated.Abstract:
In addition to the deficits in the vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal reflexes that occur following vestibular dysfunction, there is substantial evidence that vestibular loss also causes cognitive disorders, some of which may be due to the reflexive deficits and some of which are related to the role that ascending vestibular pathways to the limbic system and cortex play in spatial orientation. In this review we summarise the evidence that vestibular loss causes cognitive disorders, especially spatial memory deficits, in animals and humans and critically evaluate the evidence that these deficits are not due to hearing loss, problems with motor control, oscillopsia or anxiety and depression. We review the evidence that vestibular lesions affect head direction and place cells as well as the emerging evidence that artificial activation of the vestibular system, using galvanic vestibular stimulation, can modulate cognitive function.read more
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Vestibular involvement in cognition: Visuospatial ability, attention, executive function, and memory.
Robin T. Bigelow,Yuri Agrawal +1 more
TL;DR: The current literature is reviewed, possible causal links between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive performance are discussed, and areas of future research are suggested.
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The bilateral central vestibular system: its pathways, functions, and disorders
Marianne Dieterich,Thomas Brandt +1 more
TL;DR: The bilateral representation of the vestibular system in multiple multisensory cortical areas and the Vestibular dominance of the nondominant hemisphere raise the question of how one global percept of motion and orientation in space is formed.
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The dizzy patient: don't forget disorders of the central vestibular system
Thomas Brandt,Marianne Dieterich +1 more
TL;DR: This Review focuses on central Vestibular disorders, which are mostly attributable to acute unilateral lesions of the bilateral vestibular circuitry in the brain and include hemispatial neglect, the room tilt illusion, pusher syndrome, and impairment of spatial memory and navigation associated with hippocampal atrophy.
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Cognitive deficits in patients with a chronic vestibular failure
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that vestibular failure can lead to cognitive impairments beyond the spatial navigation deficits described earlier, and raise the question whether BVF patients may profit from specific cognitive training in addition to physiotherapy.
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Spatial cognition, body representation and affective processes: the role of vestibular information beyond ocular reflexes and control of posture.
TL;DR: Three emerging streams of research in vestibular science are—at least in part—associated with different neuronal core mechanisms: spatial transformations draw on parietal areas, body representation is associated with somatosensory areas, and affective processes involve insular and cingulate cortices, all of which receive Vestibular input.
References
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TL;DR: It is proposed that these drugs reduce anxiety by impairing the functioning of a widespread neural system including the septo-hippocampal system (SHS), the Papez circuit, the prefrontal cortex, and ascending monoaminergic and cholinergic pathways which innervate these forebrain structures.
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The neuropsychology of anxiety
TL;DR: GRAY as mentioned in this paper discusses the brain structures which mediate the psychology as well as the neurology of anxiety in animals and proposes a kind of crutch or bridge to get across from the human domain on one side to the animal domain on the other.
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Path integration and the neural basis of the 'cognitive map'
Bruce L. McNaughton,Bruce L. McNaughton,Francesco P. Battaglia,Ole Jensen,Edvard I. Moser,May-Britt Moser +5 more
TL;DR: Theoretical studies suggest that the medial entorhinal cortex might perform some of the essential underlying computations by means of a unique, periodic synaptic matrix that could be self-organized in early development through a simple, symmetry-breaking operation.
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David M. Bannerman,J. N. P. Rawlins,Stephen B. McHugh,Robert M. J. Deacon,Benjamin K. Yee,Tobias Bast,Wei-Ning Zhang,Helen H. J. Pothuizen,Joram Feldon +8 more
TL;DR: Gray and McNaughton's theory can in principle incorporate these apparently distinct hippocampal functions, and provides a plausible unitary account for the multiple facets of hippocampal function.