Journal ArticleDOI
Generation and crystallization of an amphibolite shear melt: an investigation using radial friction welding apparatus
TLDR
A cylinder of amphibolite comprising the assemblage amphibole+clinozoisite+albite has been frictionally melted using radial friction welding apparatus as discussed by the authors, which was achieved by rotating a steel ring at 750 rpm and a force of 98 kN against a stationary steel casing which housed the rock sample.Abstract:
A cylinder of amphibolite comprising the assemblage amphibole+clinozoisite+albite has been frictionally melted using radial friction welding apparatus. This was achieved by rotating a steel ring at 750 rpm and a force of 98 kN for 10 s against a stationary steel casing which housed the rock sample. The ring penetrated the casing then proceeded to rotate and compress the sample to 95% of its original volume until it cracked at right angles to its length. This generated a whole rock silicate melt which injected the crack and on cooling produced glass, crystallites and vesicles. Melting occurred in two stages: an initial low pressure melting event with crystallization to augite+Fe-rich anorthite, followed by a high pressure melting event with crystallization to fassaitic clinopyroxene. It is estimated that pressures of ≥0.5 GPa rising to ≥1 GPa were realized at the ring-rock interface. Under these conditions fassaite superseded augite+anorthite crystallization due to the increased solubility of Ca-Tschermak's component in clinopyroxene. The high pressure event provides a crude analogue for the frictional melting of basic rock at depths of 15–30 km in a seismogenic fault: a situation realized along the slip zone between cold descending lithosphere and overlying mantle during subduction.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
High-velocity frictional properties of gabbro
TL;DR: In this paper, high-velocity friction experiments have been performed on a pair of hollow-cylindrical specimens of gabbro initially at room temperature, at slip rates from 7.5 mm/s to 1.8 m/s, with total circumferential displacements of 125 to 174 m, and at normal stresses to 5 MPa, using a rotary-shear high-speed friction testing machine.
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Growth of molten zone as a mechanism of slip weakening of simulated faults in gabbro during frictional melting
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of high-velocity friction experiments on gabbro at slip rates of 0.85-1.49 m s -1, at normal stresses of 1.2-2.4 MPa and with displacements up to 124 m.
Journal ArticleDOI
A physical basis for the frictional melting of some rock-forming minerals
TL;DR: In this paper, it was observed that phyllosilicates and amphiboles are preferentially consumed to form the melt phase, whilst quartz and feldspar tend to survive as clasts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frictional melting processes and products in geological materials: introduction and discussion
TL;DR: The 1990 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting in Dallas, Texas, U.S.A as mentioned in this paper brought together researchers working on various aspects of frictional melting in rock, to provide a forum for the exchange of new ideas and to encourage the production of a thematic set of papers dedicated to the topic.
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Strong velocity weakening and powder lubrication of simulated carbonate faults at seismic slip rates
TL;DR: In this article, high-velocity friction tests were conducted on solid and hollow cylinders of Carrara marble, dolomite marble, silicate-bearing calcite marble and calcite gouge to investigate the strength of carbonate faults during seismic slip.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Friction of Rocks
TL;DR: This paper showed that at low normal stress the shear stress required to slide one rock over another varies widely between experiments and at high normal stress that effect is diminished and the friction is nearly independent of rock type.
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Nomenclature of amphiboles
TL;DR: The Na-Ca-Mg-Fe-Mn-Li amphibole group was proposed in this article, which is defined by 0.50 apfu (atoms per formula unit), with members whittakerite and ottoliniite.
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Stick-slip as a mechanism for earthquakes.
W. F. Brace,James D. Byerlee +1 more
TL;DR: Stick-slip often accompanies frictional sliding in laboratory experi ments with geologic materials and may represent stick slip during sliding along old or newly formed faults in the earth.
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Generation of Pseudotachylyte by Ancient Seismic Faulting
TL;DR: In this article, a study of pseudotachylyte-bearing "single-jerk" microfaults is presented, where the slip is related to the thickness of the pseudotachlyte layer.