Gonna Party Like It's 1899: Party Systems and the Origins of Varieties of Coordination
Cathie Jo Martin,Duane Swank +1 more
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This article explored the origins of peak employers' associations to understand why countries produce highly centralized macrocorporatist groups, weaker national associations but stronger industry-level groups, or highly fragmented pluralist associations.Abstract:
This article explores the origins of peak employers' associations to understand why countries produce highly centralized macrocorporatist groups, weaker national associations but stronger industry-level groups, or highly fragmented pluralist associations. The authors suggest that the structure of partisan competition played a vital causal role in the development and evolution of these peak associations. The leadership for peak employers' association development came from business-oriented party activists and bureaucrats, who sought both to advance industrial development policy and to solve specific problems of political control. Business-oriented party leaders and bureaucrats in both predemocratic and democratic regimes feared the rising tide of democracy and labor activism and viewed employer organization as a useful tool for political control, to secure parliamentary advantage, and to serve as a societal counterweight to working class activism. Because leadership for association building came from the state, the political rules of the game were crucial to outcomes. The structure of party competition and state centralization shaped incentives for strategic coordination for both political actors and employers. Dedicated business parties were more likely to develop in countries with multiparty systems and limited federal power sharing than in countries with two-party systems and federalism: in a multiparty context where no single party was likely to gain power, each party had an incentive to cooperate with other social groups. Moreover, business-oriented party leaders and bureaucrats in multiparty systems were motivated to delegate policy-making authority to coordinated societal channels for industrial relations, because they anticipated that employers would win more in these channels than in parliamentary settings where the center and left could form a coalition against the right. Again, centralized party systems were more likely than federal ones to develop a dedicated national business party that transcended regional cleavages and to retain a strong role for the state in the governance of industrial relations.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State
The Historical Turn in Democratization Studies: A New Research Agenda for Europe and Beyond. CES Working Paper Series No. 177, 2010
Giovanni Capoccia,Daniel Ziblatt +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors lay the theoretical and methodological foundations of a new historically-minded approach to the comparative study of democratization, centered on the analysis of the creation, development and interaction of democratic institutions.
MonographDOI
Skills and inequality: partisan politics and the political economy of education reforms in Western welfare states
TL;DR: Skills and Inequality as discussed by the authors studies the political economy of education and training reforms from the perspective of comparative welfare state research, highlighting the striking similarities between established worlds of welfare capitalism and educational regimes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Political Origins of Primary Education Systems: Ideology, Institutions, and Interdenominational Conflict in an Age of Nation-Building
Ben W. Ansell,Johannes Lindvall +1 more
TL;DR: This article examined the development of national primary education regimes in Europe, North America, Latin America, Oceania, and Japan between 1870 and 1939, focusing on three institutional dimensions: centralization, secularization, and subsidization.
References
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Book
An Economic Theory of Democracy
TL;DR: Downs presents a rational calculus of voting that has inspired much of the later work on voting and turnout as discussed by the authors, particularly significant was his conclusion that a rational voter should almost never bother to vote.
Book
Varieties of Capitalism
Peter A. Hall,David Soskice +1 more
TL;DR: A number of schemas have been proposed to explain why countries have often been able to secure substantial rates of growth in different ways, often with relatively egalitarian distributions of income as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
“Effective” Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe
Markku Laakso,Rein Taagepera +1 more
TL;DR: Laakso and Taagepera as discussed by the authors proposed a measure called effective number of parties (effective q) to measure the effect of parties' size on the stability of a political system.
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