Growth and mineral nutrition of non- mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings grown in semi-hydroponic sand culture I. Growth and mineral nutrient uptake in plants supplied with different forms of nitrogen
Ludger Eltrop,Horst Marschner +1 more
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TLDR
The insignificant differences in uptake rates of N, P, K, Ca and Mg between non-mycorrhizal and mycor rhizal plants indicate that at unlimited spatial nutrient availability the contribution of the extramatrical mycelium to nutrient uptake by mycorrhIZal plants was small.Abstract:
Growth, nitrogen uptake and mineral nutrient concentrations in the plant tissues were determined in non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings grown under controlled conditions in a semi-hydroponic culture system with quartz sand as substrate and a percolating nutrient solution. The culture system allowed the determination of nutrient uptake rates in mycorrhizal root systems with an intact extramatrical mycelium. The rate of infection of the roots by the mycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Laccaria laccata was high but the rate of infection by Paxillus involutus was low. When supplied with ammonium nitrate, the d. wt of the roots and particularly of the shoots was significantly lower in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants. Despite the lower root d. wt, the number of root tips and the root branching ratio (number of root tips per unit root length) were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants infected with L. laccata and P. tinctorius than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The depletion of ammonium in the external solution was faster than the depletion of nitrate. Nitrate uptake rates increased at ammonium concentrations below 400 μM. The maximal N uptake rates (V max ), calculated after Lineweaver-Burk, were significantly higher for ammonium than for nitrate. The N uptake rates did not differ significantly between non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg tended to be higher in the smaller mycorrhizal than in the larger non-mycorrhizal plants. A significant increase in mineral nutrient concentration in mycorrhizal compared with non-mycorrhizal plants was found only for N concentrations in the needles of mycorrhizal plants infected with P. tinctorius. When they were supplied with ammonium ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) as source of N, but not when they were supplied with nitrate (KNO 3 ), the d. wt was lower in mycorrhizal plants infected with P. tinctorius than it was in non-mycorrhizal plants. Therefore, N uptake rates were increased in mycorrhizal plants with P. tinctorius only when they were supplied with ammonium but not with nitrate. The insignificant differences in uptake rates of N, P, K, Ca and Mg between non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants indicate that at unlimited spatial nutrient availability the contribution of the extramatrical mycelium to nutrient uptake by mycorrhizal plants was small. It is suggested that the decreased growth of mycorrhizal plants is due to the demand of the mycorrhizal fungus for photosynthates, i.e. source limitation.read more
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Growth Response of Dendrocalamus Seedlings by Inoculation with Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
TL;DR: Mycorrhizal roots of laboratory grown seedlings were longer than un-colonized roots, whereas in the nursery grown plantlets the effect of inoculation was discontinuous.
Journal ArticleDOI
Testing of microbial additives in the rooting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stem cuttings.
TL;DR: The applied microbial additives were not sufficiently efficient to form treatment-related ectomycorrhizas that were formed by naturally occurring ECM fungi, and application of trichomil had a partial stimulative effect on the shoot growth of cuttings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus on growth and cation (potassium, calcium, and magnesium) nutrition of Pinus sylvestris L. in semi-hydroponic culture.
Junling Zhang,Eckhard George +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicated that the extraradical mycelium of the fungus strain used was able to transport N to the plant but did not contribute to long-term cation uptake and growth of host plants.
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Using reactive transport codes to provide mechanistic biogeochemistry representations in global land surface models: CLM-PFLOTRAN 1.0
G. Tang,Fengming Yuan,Gautam Bisht,Gautam Bisht,Glenn E. Hammond,Glenn E. Hammond,Peter C. Lichtner,Jitendra Kumar,Richard T. Mills,Xiaofeng Xu,Xiaofeng Xu,Ben Andre,Ben Andre,Forrest M. Hoffman,Scott L. Painter,Peter E. Thornton +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore coupling to a configurable subsurface reactive transport code as a flexible and extensible approach to biogeochemistry in land surface models; their goal is to facilitate testing of alternative models and incorporation of new understanding.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi and Pinus sylvestris: aluminium toxicity, base cation deficiencies and exudation of organic anions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a role for ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi in detoxification of aluminium and mobilisation of base cations from mineral grains is likely since both toxic Al levels and low base cation supply induced exudation of low molecular weight organic anions (LMWOA).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis
Horst Marschner,Bernard Dell +1 more
TL;DR: Basic research, including the quantification of nutrient uptake and transport by fungal hyphae in soil and regulation at the fungal-plant interface, is essential to support the selection and utilization of mycorrhizal fungi on a commercial scale.
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A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants
TL;DR: Mycorrhizal plants have been shown to increase the uptake of poorly soluble P sources, such as iron and aluminium phosphate and rock phosphates, however, studies in which the soil P has been labelled with radioactive 32P indicated that both mycor rhizal and non-mycorrhIZal plants utilized the similarly labelled P sources in soil.
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Ammonium and nitrate uptake rates and rhizosphere pH in non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.]
TL;DR: In this article, the root zone temperature, concentrations and uptake rates of non-mycorrhizal roots of 4-year-old Norway spruce under controlled environmental conditions were studied.
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The significance of mycorrhiza
TL;DR: This lecture reviews important aspects of the physiology of common kinds of mycorrhiza and considers their relevance to the ecological importance of these symbioses.