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How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality
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This chapter discusses the Sandpile Paradigm, Earthquakes, Starquakes, and Solar Flares, and the "Game of Life": Complexity Is Criticality, and Is Life a Self-Organized Critical Phenomenon?Abstract:
1: Complexity and criticality. 2: The discovery of self-organized criticality. 3: The sandpile paradigm. 4: Real sandpiles and landscape formation. 5: Earthquakes, starquakes, and solar flares. 6: The "Game of Life": complexity is critical. 7: Is life a self-organized critical phenomenon. 8: Mass extinctions and punctuated equilibria in a simple model of evolution. 9: Theory of the punctuated equilibrium model. 10: The brain. 11: On economies and traffic jams. Bibliography. Indexread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law
TL;DR: Some of the empirical evidence for the existence of power-law forms and the theories proposed to explain them are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Ecological, and Social Systems
TL;DR: The phrase that combines the two, “sustainable development,” thus refers to the goal of fostering adaptive capabilities and creating opportunities, which is not an oxymoron but a term that describes a logical partnership.
Journal ArticleDOI
Traffic and related self-driven many-particle systems
Dirk Helbing,Dirk Helbing +1 more
TL;DR: This article considers the empirical data and then reviews the main approaches to modeling pedestrian and vehicle traffic, including microscopic (particle-based), mesoscopic (gas-kinetic), and macroscopic (fluid-dynamic) models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review of particle-hopping models of vehicular traffic is presented, focusing on the results obtained mainly from the so-called "particle hopping" models, particularly emphasizing those formulated in recent years using the language of cellular automata.
Book
Simulation for the Social Scientist
Nigel Gilbert,Klaus G. Troitzsch +1 more
TL;DR: Social scientists in a wide range of fields will find this book an essential tool for research, particularly in sociology, economics, anthropology, geography, organizational theory, political science, social policy, cognitive psychology and cognitive science, and it will also appeal to computer scientists interested in distributed artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems and agent technologies.