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Iconographies supplémentaires de l'article : Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises
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TLDR
Recommendations are made to improve the control of aerosol-transmitted infections in hospitals as well as in the design and construction of future isolation facilities.Abstract:
Summary
The epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 highlighted both short- and long-range transmission routes, i.e. between infected patients and healthcare workers, and between distant locations. With other infections such as tuberculosis, measles and chickenpox, the concept of aerosol transmission is so well accepted that isolation of such patients is the norm. With current concerns about a possible approaching influenza pandemic, the control of transmission via infectious air has become more important. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the factors involved in: (1) the generation of an infectious aerosol, (2) the transmission of infectious droplets or droplet nuclei from this aerosol, and (3) the potential for inhalation of such droplets or droplet nuclei by a susceptible host. On this basis, recommendations are made to improve the control of aerosol-transmitted infections in hospitals as well as in the design and construction of future isolation facilities.
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Citations
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A Review of the Research Literature on Evidence-Based Healthcare Design
Roger S. Ulrich,Craig Zimring,Xuemei Zhu,Jennifer R. DuBose,Hyun-Bo Seo,Young-Seon Choi,Xiaobo Quan,Anjali Joseph +7 more
TL;DR: This review found a growing body of rigorous studies to guide healthcare design, especially with respect to reducing the frequency of hospital-acquired infections and the state of knowledge of evidence-based healthcare design has grown rapidly in recent years.
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Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy.
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Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluid dynamics of such violent expiratory events, which reveals that such flows are multiphase turbulent buoyant clouds with suspended droplets of various sizes.
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Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary
TL;DR: This review considers the commonly used term of ‘aerosol transmission’ in the context of some infectious agents that are well-recognized to be transmissible via the airborne route, and discusses other agents, like influenza virus, where the potential for airborne transmission is much more dependent on various host, viral and environmental factors, and where its potential for aerosol transmission may be underestimated.
The fluid mechanics of natural ventilation
TL;DR: In this paper, two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation, where the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature and there is strong internal stratification, respectively, and the effects of wind on them are examined.
References
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Fulminant Clostridium difficile: An underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications
Ramsey M. Dallal,Brian G. Harbrecht,Arthur J. Boujoukas,Carl A. Sirio,Linda M. Farkas,Kenneth K. Lee,Richard L. Simmons +6 more
TL;DR: Key predictors of death after colectomy were preoperative vasopressor requirements and age, and surgical treatment of C. difficile colitis has a high death rate once the fulminant expression of the disease is present.
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Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: A brief review of the literature and infection control implications
TL;DR: The dental literature shows that many dental procedures produce aerosols and droplets that are contaminated with bacteria and blood, which represent a potential route for disease transmission and can be minimized easily and inexpensively by layering several infection control steps into the routine precautions used during all dental procedures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary
TL;DR: This review considers the commonly used term of ‘aerosol transmission’ in the context of some infectious agents that are well-recognized to be transmissible via the airborne route, and discusses other agents, like influenza virus, where the potential for airborne transmission is much more dependent on various host, viral and environmental factors, and where its potential for aerosol transmission may be underestimated.
The fluid mechanics of natural ventilation
TL;DR: In this paper, two forms of ventilation are discussed: mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation, where the interior is at an approximately uniform temperature and there is strong internal stratification, respectively, and the effects of wind on them are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
PCR Targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA Gene Intergenic Spacer Region of Clostridium difficile and Construction of a Library Consisting of 116 Different PCR Ribotypes
TL;DR: A reference library of types of Clostridium difficile has been constructed by PCR ribotyping isolates from environmental, hospital, community practitioner, veterinary, and reference sources, consisting of 116 distinct types identified on the basis of differences in profiles generated with PCR primers designed to amplify the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region.