Journal ArticleDOI
Incentives Improve Outcome in Outpatient Behavioral Treatment of Cocaine Dependence
Stephen T. Higgins,Alan J. Budney,Warren K. Bickel,Florian E. Foerg,Robert Donham,Gary J. Badger +5 more
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TLDR
Incentives delivered contingent on submitting cocaine-free urine specimens significantly improve treatment outcome in ambulatory cocaine-dependent patients, and only the voucher group showed significant improvement on the ASI Psychiatric scale.Abstract:
Objective: To assess whether incentives improved treatment outcome in ambulatory cocaine-dependent patients. Method: Forty cocaine-dependent adults were randomly assigned to behavioral treatment with or without an added incentive program. The behavioral treatment was based on the Community Reinforcement Approach and was provided to both groups. Subjects in the group with incentives received vouchers exchangeable for retail items contingent on submitting cocaine-free urine specimens during weeks 1 through 12 of treatment, while the group without incentives received no vouchers during that period. The two groups were treated the same during weeks 13 through 24. Results: Seventy-five percent of patients in the group with vouchers completed 24 weeks of treatment vs 40% in the group without vouchers ( P =.03). Average durations of continuous cocaine abstinence documented via urinalysis during weeks 1 through 24 of treatment were 11.7±2.0 weeks in the group with vouchers vs 6.0±1.5 weeks in the group without vouchers ( P =.03). At 24 weeks after treatment entry, the voucher group evidenced significantly greater improvement than the no-voucher group on the Drug scale of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). and only the voucher group showed significant improvement on the ASI Psychiatric scale. Conclusions: Incentives delivered contingent on submitting cocaine-free urine specimens significantly improve treatment outcome in ambulatory cocainedependent patients.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.
TL;DR: The authors found that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse, as measured by self-report questionnaires (p <.05).
Journal ArticleDOI
Impulsivity and cigarette smoking: delay discounting in current, never, and ex-smokers.
TL;DR: Cigarette smoking, like other forms of drug dependence, is characterized by rapid loss of subjective value for delayed outcomes, particularly for the drug of dependence.
Book
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment
TL;DR: This volume examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance.
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A meta-analysis of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for substance use disorders
TL;DR: Overall, VBRT generated significantly better outcomes than did control treatments, and more immediate voucher delivery and greater monetary value of the voucher were associated with larger effect sizes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contingency management for treatment of substance use disorders: a meta-analysis.
TL;DR: Study findings suggest that CM is among the more effective approaches to promoting abstinence during the treatment of substance use disorders, thereby allowing clients to take fuller advantage of other clinical treatment components.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
New data from the Addiction Severity Index. Reliability and validity in three centers.
McLellan At,Lester Luborsky,John S. Cacciola,Jeffrey Griffith,Frederick J. Evans,Harriet Linton Barr,Charles A. O'Brien +6 more
TL;DR: The overall conclusion is that the ASI is a reliable and valid instrument that has a wide range of clinical and research applications, and that it may offer advantages in the examination of important issues such as the prediction of treatment outcome, the comparison of different forms of treatment, and the “matching” of patients to treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting Response to Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatments: Role of Psychiatric Severity
TL;DR: Findings support the effectiveness and specificity of different substance abuse treatments, suggest methodologic reasons for the lack of similar findings in previous studies, and demonstrate the importance of psychiatric factors in substance abuse treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of Psychosocial Services in Substance Abuse Treatment
TL;DR: The addition of basic counseling was associated with major increases in efficacy; and the addition of on-site professional services was even more effective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco.
Richard E. Chaisson,Peter Bacchetti,Dennis Osmond,Barbara Brodie,Merle A. Sande,Andrew R. Moss +5 more
TL;DR: By multivariate analysis, black race, daily cocaine injection by blacks and Hispanics, all other cocaine injection, heavy use prior to entry into methadone treatment by blacks, and use of drugs in shooting galleries were independent predictors of HIV infection.