Journal ArticleDOI
Indices of landscape pattern
Robert V. O'Neill,J. R. Krummel,Robert H. Gardner,George Sugihara,B. Jackson,Donald L. DeAngelis,Bruce T. Milne,Monica G. Turner,B. Zygmunt,S. W. Christensen,Virginia H. Dale,Robin L. Graham +11 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors developed three indices of pattern derived from information theory and fractal geometry for 94 quadrangles covering most of the eastern United States using digitized maps.Abstract:
Landscape ecology deals with the patterning of ecosystems in space. Methods are needed to quantify aspects of spatial pattern that can be correlated with ecological processes. The present paper develops three indices of pattern derived from information theory and fractal geometry. Using digitized maps, the indices are calculated for 94 quadrangles covering most of the eastern United States. The indices are shown to be reasonably independent of each other and to capture major features of landscape pattern. One of the indices, the fractal dimension, is shown to be correlated with the degree of human manipulation of the landscape.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the characterization of landscape patterns and their effects on ecological processes and demonstrate that a long history of ecological studies provides a basis for the study of spatial patterns and landscape-level processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Indicators for Monitoring Biodiversity: A Hierarchical Approach
TL;DR: The three primay attributes of biodiversity recognized by Jerry Franklin are expanded into a nested hierarcby that incorporates ele- ments of each attribute at four levels of organization: re- gional landscape, community-ecosystem, population- species, andgenetic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the techniques to evaluate categorical maps and spatial point data, and make observations about the interpretation of spatial pattern indices and the appropriate application of the techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape connectivity: a graph‐theoretic perspective
Dean L. Urban,Timothy H. Keitt +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of analyses using a hypothetical landscape mosaic of habitat patches in a nonhabitat matrix is developed. And the results suggest that a simple graph construct, the minimum spanning tree, can serve as a powerful guide to decisions about the relative importance of individual patches to overall landscape con- nectivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges in the development and use of ecological indicators
TL;DR: Ecological indicators need to capture the complexities of the ecosystem yet remain simple enough to be easily and routinely monitored.
References
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Book
The Fractal Geometry of Nature
TL;DR: This book is a blend of erudition, popularization, and exposition, and the illustrations include many superb examples of computer graphics that are works of art in their own right.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Mathematical Theory of Communication
TL;DR: The theory of communication is extended to include a number of new factors, in particular the effect of noise in the channel, and the savings possible due to the statistical structure of the original message anddue to the nature of the final destination of the information.
Book
A hierarchical concept of ecosystems
TL;DR: A more general line of thought based on hierarchy theory has been proposed in this paper, which suggests an objective way of decomposing ecosystems into their component parts and offers a rewarding method for integrating various schools of ecology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape patterns in a disturbed environment
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used fractal analysis to identify transition zones in the scale at which landscape patterns change, which shows promise for use in developing hypotheses related to scaledependent processes and as a simple metric to evaluate changes on the earth's surface using remotely sensed data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Area-perimeter relation for rain and cloud areas.
TL;DR: It is concluded that rain and cloud perimeters are fractals—they have no characteristic horizontal length scale between 1 and 1000 kilometers.
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