Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of salivary enzymes by cigarette smoke and the protective role of glutathione
Bruno Zappacosta,Silvia Persichilli,Alvaro Mordente,Angelo Minucci,Daniele Lazzaro,Elisabetta Meucci,Bruno Giardina +6 more
TLDR
It is emphasized that not only one cigarette is sufficient to impair the salivary enzymatic activities but also strengthen the proposed protective role of GSH against the noxious biochemical effects of CS.Abstract:
Tobacco smoke is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases regarding different body systems, mainly cardiovascular and respiratory in addition to its local toxic effect in the oral cavity. The noxious effects of smoke compounds justify the high incidence of periodontal diseases, caries, and neoplastic diseases of oral tissues in smokers. Some toxic components of tobacco smoke, unsaturated and saturated aldehydes, could interact with thiol rich compounds, leading to structural and functional modification of these molecules. Previous papers have demonstrated an in vitro significant decrease of some enzymatic activities, both in plasma and in saliva, following external addition of aldehydes or exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). Furthermore, the same studies underlined the protective effect exerted by the addition of glutathione (GSH) against the damaging role of smoke aldehydes. In this study some salivary enzymes (lactic dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and amylase), and total GSH were measured in 20 volunteers smokers, before and just after smoking a single cigarette. All enzymatic activities showed a significant inhibition following a single cigarette, probably due to the interaction between smoke aldehydes and -SH groups of the enzyme molecules. Moreover, the percentage of the enzymatic inhibition showed a negative correlation with the basal level of salivary GSH. Our results emphasize that not only one cigarette is sufficient to impair the salivary enzymatic activities but also strengthen the proposed protective role of GSH against the noxious biochemical effects of CS.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress-induced changes in human salivary alpha-amylase activity -- associations with adrenergic activity.
Urs M. Nater,Roberto La Marca,Ladina Florin,Anthony Moses,Wolfgang Langhans,Markus Koller,Ulrike Ehlert +6 more
TL;DR: Analysis of cardiovascular parameters indicates a positive relationship between amylase and sympathetic tone (LF/HF) during stress, and salivary alpha-amylase may be a useful additional parameter for the measurement of stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determinants of the diurnal course of salivary alpha-amylase
Urs M. Nater,Urs M. Nater,Nicholas Rohleder,Nicholas Rohleder,Wolff Schlotz,Ulrike Ehlert,Clemens Kirschbaum +6 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that diurnal profiles of salivary alpha-amylase are relatively robust against momentary influences and therefore may prove useful in the assessment of sympathetic nervous system activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determinants of salivary α-amylase in humans and methodological considerations
Nicolas Rohleder,Urs M. Nater +1 more
TL;DR: Basic and recent findings on methodological issues and potential factors influencing sAA measurement are summarized to derive a set of recommendations enabling researchers to successfully using sAA in psychoneuroendocrinological experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oral health risks of tobacco use and effects of cessation
Saman Warnakulasuriya,Thomas Dietrich,Michael M. Bornstein,Elías Casals Peidró,Philip M. Preshaw,Clemens Walter,Jan L. Wennström,Jan Bergström +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that robust epidemiologic evidence exists for adverse oral health effects of tobacco smoking and other types of Tobacco use and there is compelling evidence to support significant benefits of tobacco use cessation with regard to various oral health outcomes.
References
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Role of salivary mucins in the protection of the oral cavity
TL;DR: Mucins are the principal organic constituents of mucus, the slimy visco-elastic material that coats all mucosal surfaces, and compelling evidence suggests that they play an integral role in non-immune protection of the oral cavity.
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The Functions of Saliva
TL;DR: Saliva is effective in maintaining pH in the oral cavity, contributes to the regulation of plaque pH, and helps neutralize reflux acids in the esophagus, and has possible hormonal function in the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Electron-Spin Resonance Study of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke: Nature of the Free Radicals in Gas-Phase Smoke and in Cigarette Tar
TL;DR: It is proposed that a steady-state concentration of reactive radicals exists in gas phase cigarette smoke, and it is suggested that this steady state is produced by the slow oxidation of nitric oxide to the more reactive nitrogen dioxide, followed by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with reactive organic molecules in smoke (such as olefins and dienes).