Journal ArticleDOI
Integrating Membrane Contactors Technology and Pressure-Driven Membrane Operations for Seawater Desalination: Energy, Exergy and Costs Analysis
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TLDR
In this paper, a MF-NF-RO membrane system is integrated with membrane distillation/crystallization units to increase the water recovery factor up to 92.8% without a significant increase of the costs if waste thermal energy is already available to the process.Abstract:
Membrane science and technology has nowadays become the dominant technology in water desalination. In this context, Reverse Osmosis, in combination with other pressure-driven membrane operations (i.e., microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration), represents the most diffuse practice. Despite this success, specific actions are requested in order to solve problems related to water recovery factors, brine disposal, cost and quality of the water. In this paper, a MF–NF–RO membrane system is integrated with membrane distillation/crystallization units. The use of these membrane contactors devices, operated on the NF and/or RO retentate, permits to increase the water recovery factor up to 92.8% without a significant increase of the costs if waste thermal energy is already available to the process. In addition, the sale of salt crystals grown in high concentrated brines might potentially reduce the overall desalination cost, thus confirming the potential interest for the proposed approach. Energy and exergy analysis permitted to individuate the points of higher entropic losses and low thermodynamic efficiency for the systems, and possible solutions based on the use of energy recovery devices have been discussed in detail.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Membrane distillation: Recent developments and perspectives
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the important and interesting recent developments in Membrane Distillation from the perspectives of membrane fabrication, heat and mass transport phenomenon, nontraditional fouling, module fabrication and applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review on the applicability of integrated/hybrid membrane processes in water treatment and desalination plants
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of integrated/hybrid membrane systems in water treatment plants and reverse osmosis desalination plants is reviewed and the implications of the integrated membrane system prove that it has huge potential to be widely applied and can lead to a breakthrough in solving the problem of water scarcity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Membrane engineering in process intensification—An overview
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss how membrane engineering contributes to realization of the principles of process intensification, and present an overview of current developments in the field of membrane operations and their place in the intensification of chemical manufacturing and processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards non-toxic solvents for membrane preparation: a review
Alberto Figoli,Tiziana Marino,S. Simone,E. Di Nicolò,X.-M. Li,Tao He,S. Tornaghi,Enrico Drioli +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the most relevant steps towards the use of non-toxic solvents in membrane preparation are reported, focusing particular attention on the non-solvent induced and temperature induced phase separation (NIPS and TIPS) techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Membrane technology in renewable-energy-driven desalination
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the recent progresses and developments in applying renewable energy sources in membrane-based desalination with special attention on emerging membrane operations with proven capability to generate energy from wastewater streams.
References
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TL;DR: Plant design and economics for chemical engineers, Plant design for chemical engineering, and plant design for plant design and economic analysis are discussed in this paper, where the authors propose a plant design approach based on chemical engineering.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a strategy for process synthesis and analysis and propose a conceptual design and finding the best flow-sheet for a solvent recovery system. But, they do not discuss how to find the best flowsheet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reuse, treatment, and discharge of the concentrate of pressure-driven membrane processes.
TL;DR: This paper reviews possibilities to treat or discharge the concentrate and general guidelines are given for the choice of a proper method as a function of the origin and composition of the water treated.
Journal Article
Evaluating the economics of desalination
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an in-depth analysis of thermal and membrane desalination economics and outline a simple procedure for calculating the unit product cost for various Desalination processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrated system for recovery of CaCO3, NaCl and MgSO4·7H2O from nanofiltration retentate
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated membrane system has been developed in order to recover dissolved salts that are present, at low concentration, in typical feed streams to desalination plants, and the flow sheet has been completed with a membrane crystallization stage that allows the generation of supersaturation for salts crystallization.