Showing papers in "Desalination in 2015"

TL;DR: Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have come a long way since it was first introduced during the late 80's as mentioned in this paper, and significant development has taken place in terms of the fundamental understanding of the transport mechanism in NF membranes, which has been translated into predictive modeling based on the modified extended Nernst-Planck equation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the recent development of advanced membrane technology such as surface modification, addition of inorganic particles in polymer membrane and the development of ceramic membranes and discuss the effect of operating parameters on the membrane performance.

TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the important and interesting recent developments in Membrane Distillation from the perspectives of membrane fabrication, heat and mass transport phenomenon, nontraditional fouling, module fabrication and applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review on the preparation and application of electrospun nanofiber membranes as the barrier layer for water treatment, with emphasis on the reinforcement and post-treatment of electro-spun polymer membranes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the energy efficiency of the forward osmosis (FO) process is analyzed and the potential use of low-cost energy sources is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of the structural parameter, reverse solute flux selectivity, and the constraints imposed by the permeability selectivity tradeoff.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the literature on membrane fouling in Membrane Distillation (MD), including physical, thermal and flow conditions that affect fouling.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview on fabrication and properties of low-biofouling composite membranes for pressure-driven membrane processes. And they discuss the main objectives for the development of composite membrane for bio-foul mitigation.

TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated approach in using renewable energy (RE) driven with an emphasis on solar and geothermal desalination technologies is presented and an assessment of the benefits of these technologies and their limitations are also discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the historical milestones achieved in reverse osmosis (RO) technology in terms of membrane performance, the developments seen over the last few years and the challenges perceived.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the structure and preparation of NPG and GO membranes and discuss the recent experiments, computer simulations and theoretical models, addressing the unique mechanical properties, ion selectivity, and possible transport mechanisms through NPG/GO membranes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of integrated/hybrid membrane systems in water treatment plants and reverse osmosis desalination plants is reviewed and the implications of the integrated membrane system prove that it has huge potential to be widely applied and can lead to a breakthrough in solving the problem of water scarcity.

TL;DR: The use of blended waters, where the quality of the water is tailored to the crop may go part way to addressing this cost differential as mentioned in this paper, if the overall efficiency of the combined production of water and food, as well as opportunities for better soil management is considered, then desalination's applicability to agriculture becomes more viable.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of single basin single slope solar still with and without water nanofluid was compared and two experimental stills of the same basin area have been fabricated and tested with water and different nanophluids simultaneously.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the environmental impacts of most aspects of desalination processes, highlighting the recognized problems and their available industrial solutions and special emphasis is placed on the energy as it is one of the most important environmental issues and a major expense in desalification.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process in regard to its advantages, disadvantages and miscellaneous implementations, particularly in the solar energy field.

TL;DR: In this article, a review on the recent development of thin film composite (TFC) membrane, which has received increasing attention in the field of water desalination process, is provided.

TL;DR: A review of green antiscalants derived from petrochemicals has been reported in this article, where the efforts done those last years to obtain green inhibitors, either by using natural organic molecules or extracted fromplants were summarized.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the recent progress in Graphene research for water desalination using novel methods such as Nanoporous graphene (NG) sheets as well as Capacitive Deionization (CDI) method.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential of nanomaterials in membrane desalination was revealed, through reviewing experimental and computational studies, and the environmental and economic sustainability of nanomedicine for future prospects has also been presented.

TL;DR: In this article, Pitzer's equations were used to compare the energy properties of several desalination technologies at high salinities and diverse compositions commonly encountered in produced water from shale formations.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the potential and the challenges of designing an ultrathin reverse osmosis (RO) membrane from graphene, focusing on the role of computational methods in designing, understanding, and optimizing the relationship between atomic structure and RO performance.

TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art of the physical principles, recent developments, and applications of forward osmosis in the area of water desalination are highlighted and the future of FO technology is considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the recent progress made in the development of lower cost seawater desalination processes using Nanofiltration (NF) technologies and provide future perspectives for NF technologies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the concentration of coal seam gas (CSG) reverse osmosis (RO) brine using a pilot membrane distillation (MD) module.

TL;DR: In this paper, a two-stage activation method was used to improve the desalination performance of the activated carbon electrodes with controlled mesoporosity, which exhibited higher specific capacitance and better rate capability as compared to the commercial one.

TL;DR: In this paper, two possible alternative sources of water for agriculture are: desalinated water and wastewater, and the main advantages of combining different membrane operations to achieve the desired water qualities and their flexibility and easy scale-up are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the unique features of graphene-based nanomaterials are described along with their potential applications in desalination, and a future prospective on how this rapidly emerging field may evolve from short to medium and long term is highlighted.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of an inclined type solar still was experimentally investigated using different wick materials on different absorber plate configurations, and the new materials were characterised for absorption, capillary rise, porosity, water repellence and heat transfer co-efficient to select a suitable material for the solar desalination application.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a basis to understand the various fouling mechanisms found in RO systems and to describe the current state-of-the-art of the pretreatment technologies for fouling control.

TL;DR: In this paper, a positively charged polyamide composite nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membrane for lithium and magnesium separation was fabricated by interfacial polymerization of 1,4-Bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine (DAPP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes.