Interactions among enzymes of the Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthetic pathway
TLDR
The hypothesis that the flavonoid enzymes assemble as a macromolecular complex with contacts between multiple proteins is supported, and evidence was found for posttranslational modification of CHI.Abstract:
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine and acetate metabolism that perform a variety of essential functions in higher plants. Studies over the past 30 years have supported a model in which flavonoid metabolism is catalyzed by an enzyme complex localized to the endoplasmic reticulum [Hrazdina, G. & Wagner, G. J. (1985) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 237, 88–100]. To test this model further we assayed for direct interactions between several key flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes in developing Arabidopsis seedlings. Two-hybrid assays indicated that chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase (CHI), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase interact in an orientation-dependent manner. Affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated interactions between chalcone synthase, CHI, and flavonol 3-hydroxylase in lysates from Arabidopsis seedlings. These results support the hypothesis that the flavonoid enzymes assemble as a macromolecular complex with contacts between multiple proteins. Evidence was also found for posttranslational modification of CHI. The importance of understanding the subcellular organization of elaborate enzyme systems is discussed in the context of metabolic engineering.read more
Citations
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Flavonoid Biosynthesis. A Colorful Model for Genetics, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Biotechnology
TL;DR: The role of flavonoids as the major red, blue, and purple pigments in plants has gained these secondary products a great deal of attention over the years.
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Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites.
TL;DR: Progress made on several aspects of elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites are summarized, including the integration of multiple signaling pathways into or by transcription factors, as well as the linkage of the above signal components in eliciting network through protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
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The genetics and biochemistry of floral pigments
TL;DR: The focus of this review is to examine the biosynthesis, regulation, and contribution to flower coloration of these three groups of pigments.
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Genetics and biochemistry of seed flavonoids
Loïc Lepiniec,Isabelle Debeaujon,Jean-Marc Routaboul,Antoine Baudry,Lucille Pourcel,Nathalie Nesi,Michel Caboche +6 more
TL;DR: This review presents a current view of the genetic and biochemical control of flavonoid metabolism during seed development and focuses mainly on proanthocyanidin accumulation in Arabidopsis, with comparisons to other related metabolic and regulatory pathways.
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An Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA mutagenized population (GABI-Kat) for flanking sequence tag-based reverse genetics.
TL;DR: The GABI-Kat population of T-DNA mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana lines with sequence-characterized insertion sites is used extensively for efficient progress in plant functional genomics and the functionality of the population was demonstrated by exemplary confirmation of several new transparent testa alleles.
References
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How genes paint flowers and seeds
TL;DR: Mutant analyses have given insight into the various parameters that contribute to flower colour and pattern, which is so important for pollination, and pH and cell-shape control is not the case.
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The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in plants: Function and evolution
TL;DR: Based on taxonomy and molecular analysis of gene expression patterns it is possible to deduce a putative sequence of acquisition of the different branches of the biosynthetic pathway and their regulators.
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Protein interaction cloning in yeast: identification of mammalian proteins that react with the leucine zipper of Jun
Pierre M. Chevray,Daniel Nathans +1 more
TL;DR: The results illustrate the range of protein interaction cloning for discovering proteins that bind to a given target polypeptide and identify a bZIP protein of the ATF/CREB protein family, probably the murine homolog of TAXREB67.
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Flavonoid biosynthesis: ‘new’ functions for an ‘old’ pathway
TL;DR: These studies demonstrate the utility of flavonoid structures for a broad range of activities, and also highlight the value of the flavonoids pathway as a paradigm for studying the evolution of plant metabolism.