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International Executives: Transformative Bureaucracies or Westphalian Orders?

Jarle Trondal, +2 more
- Vol. 8, Iss: 8, pp 4
TLDR
In this article, the authors provide a conceptual mapping and an empirical illustration of three important dynamics of IEs (intergovernmental, supranational and transgovernmental dynamics) and suggest five independent variables that affect the behavior and roles of IE civil servants.
Abstract
Public Administration is in an era of change. This article studies one under-researched part of public administration, the executive arms of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs). These are referred to as International Executives (IEs). The article provides a conceptual mapping and an empirical illustration of three important dynamics of IEs – intergovernmental, supranational and transgovernmental dynamics. The study also offers a middle-range organization theory perspective that suggests five independent variables that affect the behavior and roles of IE civil servants. The variables are (H1) the organizational properties of IEs, (H2) the degrees of institutionalization of IEs, (H3) the recruitment procedures of the IEs, (H4) characteristics of the relationships between IEs and external institutions, and finally (H5) demographic characteristics of the IE civil servants. The empirical illustrations are drawn from the European Commission, the OECD Secretariat and the WTO Secretariat. The article highlights that the IEs of the EU, the OECD and the WTO seem to share important behavioral dynamics due to organizational similarities. Kurzfassung Die offentliche Verwaltung befindet sich in einer Ara des Umbruchs. Dieser Artikel untersucht einen wenig erforschten Teil der offentlichen Verwaltung, namlich den Beamtenapparat der internationalen Regierungsorganisationen. Diese bezeichnet man als Internationale Exekutive (IE). Der Beitrag legt eine Begriffsbildung und empirische Besipiele fur die drei wichtigsten Dynamiken der IE vor – der zwischenstaatlichen, der supranationalen und der transnationalen. Die Studie bedient sich auch der Perspektive der Organisationstheorie mittlerer Reichweite, die funf unabhangige Variablen vorschlagt, die das Verhalten und die Rollen der internationalen Beamten beeinflussen. Die Variablen sind (H1) die organisatorischen Charaktieritika der IEs, (H2) der Grad der Institutionalisierung der IEs, (H3) die Einstellungsverfahren der IEs, (H4) die Eigenschaften der Beziehungen zwischen IEs und externen Institutionen und schlieslich (H5) die demographischen Eigenschaften der IE-Bediensteten. Die empirischen Beispiele stammen von der Europaischen Kommission, dem OECD -Sekretariat und dem WTO-Sekretariat. Der Artikel betont, dass sich aufgrund von organisatorischen Gemeinsamkeiten die IEs der EU, der OECD und der WTO offensichtlich wichtige Verhaltensdynamiken teilen.

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Two Worlds of Europeanisation - Unpacking Models of Government Innovation and Transgovernmental Imitation

Jarle Trondal
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors unpack two supplementary models of Europeanisation, i.e., Europeanisation by innovation and Europeanization by imitation, to investigate the intimate relationships between domestic government decision-making and domestic policy.
Journal ArticleDOI

Europeisering av offentlig forvaltning: Observasjoner og fire modeller om norsk sentral-, fylkes- og kommunalforvaltning

Jarle Trondal
TL;DR: In this paper, four supplementary theoretical models reveal the different faces of Europeanisation of public administration: a hierarchical perspective, an organisational perspective, a network perspective, and a transformative perspective, where civil servants become re-socialised and develop new preferences, roles and identities that transcend the territory.
References
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Book ChapterDOI

International organizations and institutions

TL;DR: In the past decade, theories devoted to understanding why these phenomena exist, how they function, and what effects they have on world politics and other outcomes of concern have become increasingly refined as mentioned in this paper.
Book

The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance

TL;DR: Hooghe et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the Commission has difficulty shaping its employees' preferences in the fluid multi-institutional context of the European Union, and that top officials' preferences are better explained by experiences outside rather than inside the Commission: political party, country and prior work leave deeper imprints than directorate-general or cabinet.
Book

When Knowledge Is Power: Three Models of Change in International Organizations

Ernst B. Haas
TL;DR: In this paper, Ernst Haas argues that international organizations change most effectively when they are able to redefine the causes underlying the problems to be addressed, and that such self-reflection is possible when the expert-generated knowledge about the problems can be made to mesh with the interests of hegemonic coalitions of member governments.
Journal ArticleDOI

Interests, Power, Knowledge: The Study of International Regimes'

TL;DR: This article reviewed the literature in political science and specifically in international relations on regime formation and stability, identifying and discussing three schools of thought, each of which emphasizes a different variable to account for international regimes: interest-based neoliberalism, power-based realism and knowledge-based cognitivism.
Book

The European Commission: Leadership, Organisation and Culture in the Eu Administration

Michelle Cini
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a short history of the European Commission from 1958 to 1984 and the external role of the Commission from 1985 to 1994, focusing on the role of decision making and internal management.
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