Is this a Real Choice? Critical Exploration of the Social License to Operate in the Oil Extraction Context of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Alberto Diantini,Salvatore Pappalardo,Tim Edwards Powers,Daniele Codato,Giuseppe Della Fera,Marco Heredia-R,Francesco Facchinelli,Edoardo Crescini,Massimo De Marchi +8 more
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In this paper, the authors analyzed the social license to operate (SLO) for an oil company operating in Block 10, an oil concession located in the Ecuadorian Amazon, and found that the concept of SLO may not appropriately apply without taking into account a community's autonomy to decline company operation.Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to critically analyze the social license to operate (SLO) for an oil company operating in Block 10, an oil concession located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The specific study area is an important biodiversity hotspot, inhabited by indigenous villages. A mixed-methods approach was used to support a deeper understanding of SLO, grounded in participants’ direct experience. Semi-structured interviews (N = 53) were conducted with village leaders and members, indigenous associations, State institutions, and oil company staff, while household surveys were conducted with village residents (N = 346). The qualitative data informed a modified version of Moffat and Zhang’s SLO model, which was tested through structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses. Compared to the reference model, our findings revealed a more crucial role of procedural fairness in building community trust, as well as acceptance and approval of the company. Procedural fairness was found to be central in mediating the relationship between trust and the effects of essential services provided by the company (medical assistance, education, house availability) and sources of livelihoods (i.e., fishing, hunting, harvesting, cultivating, and waterway quality). The main results suggested that the concept of SLO may not appropriately apply without taking into account a community’s autonomy to decline company operation. To enhance procedural fairness and respect for the right of community self-determination, companies may need to consider the following: Establishing a meaningful and transparent dialogue with the local community; engaging the community in decision-making processes; enhancing fair distribution of project benefits; and properly addressing community concerns, even in the form of protests. The respect of the free prior informed consent procedure is also needed, through the collaboration of both the State and companies. The reduction of community dependence on companies (e.g., through the presence of developmental alternatives to oil extraction) is another important requirement to support an authentic SLO in the study area.read more
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Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Diversity and Life Zone for Uncontacted Indigenous People: Deforestation Hotspots in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the territorial dynamics of land use/land cover changes to support policies for environmental and sociocultural protection in the Diversity and Life Zone (DLZ) of the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve (YBR).
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Book ChapterDOI
The failure to consult Indigenous Peoples and obtain their free, prior and informed consent in Ecuador : 197The Yasuní ITT case
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the degree of success that prior consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) have had in the oil extraction project carried out in the ITT oil block in the Yasuni.
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Extreme citizens science for climate justice: linking pixel to people for mapping gas flaring in Amazon rainforest
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