Journal ArticleDOI
Locomotor circuits in the mammalian spinal cord
TLDR
New advances in understanding the mammalian CPGs are discussed with a focus on experiments that address the overall network structure as well as the identification of CPG neurons.Abstract:
Intrinsic spinal networks, known as central pattern generators (CPGs), control the timing and pattern of the muscle activity underlying locomotion in mammals. This review discusses new advances in understanding the mammalian CPGs with a focus on experiments that address the overall network structure as well as the identification of CPG neurons. I address the identification of excitatory CPG neurons and their role in rhythm generation, the organization of flexor-extensor networks, and the diverse role of commissural interneurons in coordinating left-right movements. Molecular and genetic approaches that have the potential to elucidate the function of populations of CPG interneurons are also discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biological Pattern Generation: The Cellular and Computational Logic of Networks in Motion
TL;DR: The mode of operation of these pattern generator networks is discussed and the neural mechanisms through which they are selected and activated are considered, and the utility of computational models in analysis of the dynamic actions of these motor networks are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
STAT3 is a critical regulator of astrogliosis and scar formation after spinal cord injury
Julia E. Herrmann,Tetsuya Imura,Bingbing Song,Jingwei Qi,Yan Ao,Thu K. Nguyen,Rose A. Korsak,Kiyoshi Takeda,Shizuo Akira,Michael V. Sofroniew +9 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that STAT3 signaling is a critical regulator of certain aspects of reactive astrogliosis and provide additional evidence that scar-forming astrocytes restrict the spread of inflammatory cells after SCI.
Journal ArticleDOI
Circuits controlling vertebrate locomotion: moving in a new direction
TL;DR: The advent of novel molecular and genetic techniques coupled with recent advances in knowledge of spinal cord development means that a comprehensive understanding of how the motor circuitry is organized and operates may be within the authors' grasp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recovery of supraspinal control of stepping via indirect propriospinal relay connections after spinal cord injury.
Grégoire Courtine,Bingbing Song,Roland R. Roy,Hui Zhong,Julia E. Herrmann,Yan Ao,Jingwei Qi,V. Reggie Edgerton,Michael V. Sofroniew +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that pronounced functional recovery can occur after severe SCI without the maintenance or regeneration of direct projections from the brain past the lesion and can be mediated by the reorganization of descending and propriospinal connections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding circuit dynamics using the stomatogastric nervous system of lobsters and crabs.
Eve Marder,Dirk Bucher +1 more
TL;DR: It is known that (a) neuromodulatory substances reconfigure circuit dynamics by altering synaptic strength and voltage-dependent conductances and (b) individual neurons can switch among different functional circuits.
References
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NEURAL MECHANISMS OF ADDICTION: The Role of Reward-Related Learning and Memory
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Shiaoching Gong,Chen Zheng,Martin L. Doughty,Kasia Losos,Nicholas Didkovsky,Uta B. Schambra,Norma J. Nowak,Alexandra L. Joyner,Gabrielle Leblanc,Mary E. Hatten,Nathaniel Heintz +10 more
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Control of Locomotion in Bipeds, Tetrapods, and Fish
TL;DR: The sections in this article are:==================PREGNSSI and EMG information as mentioned in this paper, Biomechanical and Electromyographical Information, Biophysics, Physiology and Physiological Information.
Journal ArticleDOI
The intrinsic factors in the act of progression in the mammal
TL;DR: During phasic acts the dynamic balance of the neural centres is disturbed by two different kinds of peripheral stimuli that produce changes in the activity of exteroceptive end-organs therein embedded, and discontinuous augmentations and diminutions of the stimuli originated in them.