Macrophage Polarization in Health and Disease
TLDR
Macrophages are terminally differentiated cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system that also encompasses dendritic cells, circulating blood monocytes, and committed myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow that can change their functional state in response to microenvironmental cues exhibiting a marked heterogeneity.Abstract:
Macrophages are terminally differentiated cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system that also encompasses dendritic cells, circulating blood monocytes, and committed myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Both macrophages and their monocytic precursors can change their functional state in response to microenvironmental cues exhibiting a marked heterogeneity. However, there are still uncertainties regarding distinct expression patterns of surface markers that clearly define macrophage subsets, particularly in the case of human macrophages. In addition to their tissue distribution, macrophages can be functionally polarized into M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (alternatively activated) as well as regulatory cells in response to both exogenous infections and solid tumors as well as by systems biology approaches.read more
Citations
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Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease.
Abbas Shapouri-Moghaddam,Saeed Mohammadian,Hossein Vazini,Mahdi Taghadosi,Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili,Fatemeh Mardani,Bita Seifi,Asadollah Mohammadi,Jalil Tavakol Afshari,Amirhossein Sahebkar +9 more
TL;DR: The protective and pathogenic role of the macrophage subsets in normal and pathological pregnancy, anti‐microbial defense, anti-tumor immunity, metabolic disease and obesity, asthma and allergy, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, wound healing, and autoimmunity are discussed.
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Nanoparticle Uptake: The Phagocyte Problem.
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M1 and M2 Macrophages: Oracles of Health and Disease.
TL;DR: M1/M2 demonstrated the importance of Innate Immunity and how it is linked to Adaptive Immunity in a beautifully counterbalanced system and recommended that Immune Type 1 or 2 (IT1, IT2) would be a simpler and unifying terminology going forward.
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VEGFA and tumour angiogenesis.
TL;DR: The high degree of redundancy and complexity of VEGFA‐driven tumour angiogenesis may explain why tumours commonly develop resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy targeting VEG FA signal transduction.
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Macrophages: Their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases
TL;DR: This review summarises the activation of macrophages, the factors intricated in activation along with benefaction ofmacrophage polarization in response to microbial infections, pulmonary toxicity, lung injury and other inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary dysplasia (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysPLasia (BPD), asthma and sepsis, along with the existing efforts to develop therapies targeting this facet of Macrophage biology.
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