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Magnetic Monopole Noise
Ritika Dusad,Franziska K. K. Kirschner,Jesse C. Hoke,Jesse C. Hoke,Benjamin R. Roberts,Anna Eyal,Anna Eyal,Felix Flicker,Graeme Luke,Graeme Luke,Stephen J. Blundell,J. C. Séamus Davis,J. C. Séamus Davis,J. C. Séamus Davis +13 more
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TLDR
In this article, a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) was used to detect magnetic monopoles in Dy2Ti2O7 crystals, and the authors reported the development of a SQUID-based flux noise spectrometer and measurements of the frequency and temperature dependence of magnetic-flux noise generated by Dy2 TiO7 crystal.Abstract:
Magnetic monopoles1-3 are hypothetical elementary particles with quantized magnetic charge. In principle, a magnetic monopole can be detected by the quantized jump in magnetic flux that it generates upon passage through a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)4. Following the theoretical prediction that emergent magnetic monopoles should exist in several lanthanide pyrochlore magnetic insulators5,6, including Dy2Ti2O7, the SQUID technique has been proposed for their direct detection6. However, this approach has been hindered by the high number density and the generation-recombination fluctuations expected of such thermally generated monopoles. Recently, theoretical advances have enabled the prediction of the spectral density of magnetic-flux noise from monopole generation-recombination fluctuations in these materials7,8. Here we report the development of a SQUID-based flux noise spectrometer and measurements of the frequency and temperature dependence of magnetic-flux noise generated by Dy2Ti2O7 crystals. We detect almost all of the features of magnetic-flux noise predicted for magnetic monopole plasmas7,8, including the existence of intense magnetization noise and its characteristic frequency and temperature dependence. Moreover, comparisons of simulated and measured correlation functions of the magnetic-flux noise indicate that the motions of magnetic charges are strongly correlated. Intriguingly, because the generation-recombination time constant for Dy2Ti2O7 is in the millisecond range, magnetic monopole flux noise amplified by SQUID is audible to humans.read more
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Journal Article
Measurement of the charge and current of magnetic monopoles in spin ice
TL;DR: The authors' experimental measurements prove that magnetic charges exist in this material, interact via a Coulomb potential, and have measurable currents, and characterize deviations from Ohm's law, and determine the elementary unit of magnetic charge to be 5 μB Å-1, which is equal to that recently predicted using the microscopic theory of spin ice.
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Rare-earth-containing perovskite nanomaterials: design, synthesis, properties and applications
Zhichao Zeng,Yueshan Xu,Zheshan Zhang,Zhansheng Gao,Meng Luo,Zongyou Yin,Chao Zhang,Jun Xu,Bolong Huang,Feng Luo,Yaping Du,Chun-Hua Yan +11 more
TL;DR: This review will systematically summarize the key points in the design, synthesis, property improvements and application expansion of RE-containing perovskite nanomaterials (PNMs) and provide an outlook on the opportunities and challenges ofRE-containing PNMs in various fields.
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The history of spin ice.
Steven T. Bramwell,Mark Harris +1 more
TL;DR: This review is a study of how the idea of spin ice has evolved over the years, with a focus on the scientific questions that have come to define the subject.
Journal Article
Spin dynamics in the frozen state of the dipolar spin ice material Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$
H. M. Revell,L. R. Yaraskavitch,S. Meng,Kate Ross,Hilary Noad,H. A. Dabkowska,Bruce D. Gaulin,Jan Kycia +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for quantum computing and applied it to physics and astronomy at the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1 4.
References
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Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field
TL;DR: The steady progress of physics requires for its theoretical formulation a mathematics that gets continually more advanced as discussed by the authors, and it seems likely that this process of increasing abstraction will continue in the future and that advance in physics is to be associated with a continual modification and generalisation of the axioms at the base of the mathematics rather than with a logical development of any one mathematical scheme on a fixed foundation.
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Magnetic monopoles in unified gauge theories
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that in all those gauge theories in which the electromagnetic group U(1) is taken to be a subgroup of a larger group with a compact covering group, like SU(2) or SU(3), genuine magnetic monopoles can be created as regular solutions of the field equations.
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Magnetic monopoles in spin ice
TL;DR: This work proposes that magnetic monopoles emerge in a class of exotic magnets known collectively as spin ice: the dipole moment of the underlying electronic degrees of freedom fractionalises into monopoles, which would account for a mysterious phase transition observed experimentally in spin ice in a magnetic field.