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Journal ArticleDOI

Measuring student engagement in technology-mediated learning

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TLDR
This review examines existing approaches to measure engagement in technology-mediated learning, identifies strengths and limitations of existing measures, and outlines potential approaches to improve the measurement of student engagement.
Abstract
Using digital technology to deliver content, connect learners, and enable anytime, anywhere learning is increasing, but keeping students engaged in technology-mediated learning is challenging. Instructional practices that encourage greater engagement are essential if we are to effectively use digital instructional technologies. To determine the impact of innovative instructional practices on learning, we need useful measures of student engagement. These measures should be adaptable to the unique challenges to studying technology-mediated learning, such as when students learn at a distance or in a blended learning course. In this review, we examine existing approaches to measure engagement in technology-mediated learning. We identify strengths and limitations of existing measures and outline potential approaches to improve the measurement of student engagement. Our intent is to assist researchers, instructors, designers, and others in identifying effective methods to conceptualize and measure student engagement in technology-mediated learning. Consensus is needed for the definition and operationalization of student engagement.Most technology-mediated learning research uses self-report measures of engagement.Physiological and systems data offer an alternative method to measuring engagement.More research is needed to study the role of emotional engagement in learning.More research needed to determine value of physiological and systems data.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Online Learning in Higher Education: Exploring Advantages and Disadvantages for Engagement.

TL;DR: The relationship between these engagement indicators and the percentage of classes taken online suggests that an online environment might benefit certain types of engagement, but may also be somewhat of a deterrent to others.
Journal ArticleDOI

Four key challenges to the design of blended learning: A systematic literature review

TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review of blended learning environments brings with it four key challenges: (1) incorporating flexibility, stimulating interaction, facilitating students' learning processes, and fostering an affective learning climate.
Journal ArticleDOI

Beyond the Trial: Systematic Review of Real-World Uptake and Engagement With Digital Self-Help Interventions for Depression, Low Mood, or Anxiety

TL;DR: It is suggested that uptake and engagement vary widely among the handful of implemented digital self-help apps and programs that have reported this, and that usage may vary from that reported in trials.
Journal ArticleDOI

Impact of mobile technology on student attitudes, engagement, and learning

TL;DR: The results indicate that mobile technology is associated with positive student perceptions of collaborative learning but with increased disengagement by students during class.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data

TL;DR: A general statistical methodology for the analysis of multivariate categorical data arising from observer reliability studies is presented and tests for interobserver bias are presented in terms of first-order marginal homogeneity and measures of interob server agreement are developed as generalized kappa-type statistics.
Journal ArticleDOI

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.

TL;DR: Two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) are developed and are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period.
Journal ArticleDOI

School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence

TL;DR: The concept of school engagement has attracted increasing attention as representing a possible antidote to declining academic motivation and achievement as mentioned in this paper, and it is presumed to be malleable, responsive to contextual features, and amenable to environmental change.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research

TL;DR: The failure of past research to delineate more clearly the multiple characteristics of dropout can be traced to two major shortcomings as mentioned in this paper, namely, inadequate attention given to questions of definition and to the development of theoretical models that seek to explain, not simply to describe, the processes that bring individuals to leave institutions of higher education.
Journal Article

Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education.

TL;DR: The theory of student involvement as mentioned in this paper can explain most of the empirical knowledge about environmental influences on student development that researchers have gained over the years, and it is capable of embracing principles from such widely divergent sources as psychoanalysis and classical learning theory.
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