Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms by Which Moisture Generates Cocrystals
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TLDR
The results show that deliquescence can transform API to cocrystal or reverse the reaction given the right conditions and the interplay between moisture uptake and dissolution determines the liquid phase composition, supersaturation, and cocystal formation rates.Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanisms by which moisture can generate cocrystals when solid particles of cocrystal reactants are exposed to deliquescent conditions (when moisture sorption forms an aqueous solution). It is based on the hypothesis that cocrystallization behavior during water uptake can be derived from solution chemistry using models that describe cocrystal solubility and reaction crystallization of molecular complexes. Cocrystal systems were selected with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that form hydrates and include carbamazepine, caffeine, and theophylline. Moisture uptake and crystallization behavior were studied by gravimetric vapor sorption, X-ray powder diffraction, and on-line Raman spectroscopy. Results indicate that moisture uptake generates cocrystals of carbamazepine−nicotinamide, carbamazepine−saccharin, and caffeine or theophylline with dicarboxylic acid ligands (oxalic acid, maleic acid, glutaric acid, and malonic acid) when solid mixtures with cocry...read more
Citations
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Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis
Stuart L. James,Christopher J. Adams,Carsten Bolm,Dario Braga,Paul Collier,Tomislav Friščić,Fabrizia Grepioni,Kenneth D. M. Harris,Geoff Hyett,William Jones,Anke Krebs,James Mack,Lucia Maini,A. Guy Orpen,Ivan P. Parkin,William C. Shearouse,Jonathan W. Steed,Daniel C. Waddell +17 more
TL;DR: Concentrating on recent advances, this article covers industrial aspects, inorganic materials, organic synthesis, cocrystallisation, pharmaceutical aspects, metal complexes, supramolecular aspects and characterization methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent Advances in Understanding the Mechanism of Cocrystal Formation via Grinding
Tomislav Friščić,William Jones +1 more
TL;DR: A brief and systematic overview of recent advances in understanding mechanochemical cocrystallization at macroscopic (bulk phase transformations) and microscopic levels (molecular recognition) is given in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceutical cocrystals and poorly soluble drugs.
TL;DR: In this review the success of numerous pharmaceutical cocrystals for the improvement of the solubility and dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs is demonstrated using various examples taken from the literature.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of solvent in mechanochemical and sonochemical cocrystal formation: a solubility-based approach for predicting cocrystallisation outcome
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared Mechanic Liquid-Aided Grinding (LAG) and sonochemical (SonicSlurry) techniques to construct four model pharmaceutical cocrystals involving theophylline and caffeine as pharmaceutical ingredients and L-malic or L-tartaric acid as pharmaceutical formers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hierarchy of Supramolecular Synthons: Persistent Carboxylic Acid···Pyridine Hydrogen Bonds in Cocrystals That also Contain a Hydroxyl Moiety
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the hierarchy of supramolecular heterosynthons that involve two of the most relevant functional groups in the context of active pharmaceutical ingredients, carboxylic acids and alcohols, in competitive environments.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Bruno C. Hancock,George Zografi +1 more
TL;DR: It was found that there is a rapid initial reduction in the glass transition temperature from the dry state as water is absorbed, followed by a gradual leveling off of the response at higher water contents, indicating that water acts as a plasticizer in a way similar to that of other small molecules and not through any specific or stoichiometric interaction process(es).
Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal Engineering of the Composition of Pharmaceutical Phases: Multiple-Component Crystalline Solids Involving Carbamazepine
Scott G. Fleischman,Srinivasan S. Kuduva,Jennifer A. McMahon,Brian Moulton,Rosa D. Bailey Walsh,Nair Rodriguez-Hornedo,Michael J. Zaworotko +6 more
TL;DR: The carboxylic acid-pyridine supramolecular heterosynthon can be exploited to predictably generate binary crystalline phases involving rac-ibuprofen, rac-flurbiprofen or aspirin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical stability enhancement of theophylline via cocrystallization
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the feasibility of pharmaceutical cocrystal design based upon the crystallization preferences of a molecular analogue, and furthermore show that avoidance of hydrate formation and improvement in physical stability is possible via Pharmaceutical cocrystallization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Second-generation inorganic aerosol model
TL;DR: In this article, an improved theory of the temperature and composition dependence of deliquescence was proposed to predict the size distribution of the inorganic components of atmospheric aerosols, which can account for both therthermodynamic properties of the aerosol particles and transport between the gas and aerosol phases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recalculated probability of M >= 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used bathymetric images of the North Anatolian fault beneath the Sea of Marmara to provide a revised forecast and an evaluation of time-dependent interaction techniques.