Mechanisms of Functional and Physical Genome Reduction in Photosynthetic and Nonphotosynthetic Parasitic Plants of the Broomrape Family
Susann Wicke,Kai F. Müller,Claude W. de Pamphilis,Dietmar Quandt,Norman J. Wickett,Yan Zhang,Susanne S. Renner,Gerald M. Schneeweiss +7 more
TLDR
The authors report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae), finding that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints.Abstract:
Nonphotosynthetic plants possess strongly reconfigured plastomes attributable to convergent losses of photosynthesis and housekeeping genes, making them excellent systems for studying genome evolution under relaxed selective pressures. We report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). By reconstructing the history of gene losses and genome reconfigurations, we find that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints. Partly because of independent losses of one inverted repeat region, Orobanchaceae plastomes vary 3.5-fold in size, with 45 kb in American squawroot (Conopholis americana) representing the smallest plastome reported from land plants. Of the 42 to 74 retained unique genes, only 16 protein genes, 15 tRNAs, and four rRNAs are commonly found. Several holoparasites retain ATP synthase genes with intact open reading frames, suggesting a prolonged function in these plants. The loss of photosynthesis alters the chromosomal architecture in that recombinogenic factors accumulate, fostering large-scale chromosomal rearrangements as functional reduction proceeds. The retention of DNA fragments is strongly influenced by both their proximity to genes under selection and the co-occurrence with those in operons, indicating complex constraints beyond gene function that determine the evolutionary survival time of plastid regions in nonphotosynthetic plants.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Plastomes from tribe Plantagineae (Plantaginaceae) reveal infrageneric structural synapormorphies and localized hypermutation for Plantago and functional loss of ndh genes from Littorella.
Jeffrey P. Mower,Wenhu Guo,Raghavendran Partha,Weishu Fan,Nick Levsen,Kirsten Wolff,Jacqueline M. Nugent,Natalia Pabón-Mora,Favio González +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared 25 complete plastome sequences and compared them with existing PLASTome sequences from Plantaginaceae, finding strong support for relationships among major Plantagineae lineages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genus-Wide Screening Reveals Four Distinct Types of Structural Plastid Genome Organization in Pelargonium (Geraniaceae).
TL;DR: All plastid reconfiguration hotspots for 60 Pelargonium species across all subgenera are examined using a PCR and sequencing approach and the results suggest alternative evolutionary paths under possibly changing modes of plastsid transmission and indicate the non-functionalization of the plastids accD gene in Pelargonia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comprehensive genomic analyses with 115 plastomes from algae to seed plants: structure, gene contents, GC contents, and introns
TL;DR: This study refurbrished the previous findings of structural variations, gene contents, and GC contents of the chloroplast genomes from green algae to flowering plants and presented and corrected some false annotations on the introns in protein coding and tRNA genes in the genome database.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple origins of endosymbionts in Chlorellaceae with no reductive effects on the plastid or mitochondrial genomes
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that M. conductrix is deeply nested within the Chlorella clade, suggesting that taxonomic revision is needed for one or both genera, and that the endosymbiotic lifestyle has evolved multiple times in Chlorellaceae.
Book ChapterDOI
Plastid Genomes of Flowering Plants: Essential Principles.
TL;DR: The plastid genome (plastome) has proved a valuable source of data for evaluating evolutionary relationships among angiosperms as mentioned in this paper and has been used extensively to understand and improve plant productivity, providing food, fiber, energy and medicines to meet the needs of a burgeoning global population.
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