Mechanisms of Functional and Physical Genome Reduction in Photosynthetic and Nonphotosynthetic Parasitic Plants of the Broomrape Family
Susann Wicke,Kai F. Müller,Claude W. de Pamphilis,Dietmar Quandt,Norman J. Wickett,Yan Zhang,Susanne S. Renner,Gerald M. Schneeweiss +7 more
TLDR
The authors report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae), finding that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints.Abstract:
Nonphotosynthetic plants possess strongly reconfigured plastomes attributable to convergent losses of photosynthesis and housekeeping genes, making them excellent systems for studying genome evolution under relaxed selective pressures. We report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). By reconstructing the history of gene losses and genome reconfigurations, we find that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints. Partly because of independent losses of one inverted repeat region, Orobanchaceae plastomes vary 3.5-fold in size, with 45 kb in American squawroot (Conopholis americana) representing the smallest plastome reported from land plants. Of the 42 to 74 retained unique genes, only 16 protein genes, 15 tRNAs, and four rRNAs are commonly found. Several holoparasites retain ATP synthase genes with intact open reading frames, suggesting a prolonged function in these plants. The loss of photosynthesis alters the chromosomal architecture in that recombinogenic factors accumulate, fostering large-scale chromosomal rearrangements as functional reduction proceeds. The retention of DNA fragments is strongly influenced by both their proximity to genes under selection and the co-occurrence with those in operons, indicating complex constraints beyond gene function that determine the evolutionary survival time of plastid regions in nonphotosynthetic plants.read more
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Polymorphism of the chloroplast gene rps2 in parasitic plant Monotropa hypopitys L. from the European Russian populations
M. A. Filyushin,Elena Z. Kochieva,Elena Z. Kochieva,Konstantin G. Skryabin,Konstantin G. Skryabin +4 more
TL;DR: The complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast rps2 gene is determined and the polymorphism of this gene in 26 Monotropa hypopitys accessions from the populations of the European part of Russia is analyzed.
Comparative evolutionary analysis of organellar genomic diversity in green plants
TL;DR: The three newly sequenced species have regular genome size and gene content in both the mitochondria and the plastid genome, providing no evidence for organellar genomic reduction in these endosymbionts, and the organellar genomes are generally larger and more intron rich than other species of Chlorella.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural Mutations in the Organellar Genomes of Valeriana sambucifolia f. dageletiana (Nakai. ex Maekawa) Hara Show Dynamic Gene Transfer.
Hyoung Tae Kim,Jung Sung Kim +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed two organellar genomes (the 155,179 bp plastome and the 1,187,459 bp mitogenome) of V. sambucifolia f. ex Maekawa (Nakai) Hara and detected extensive changes, including rapid structural mutations associated with inverted repeat (IR) contraction and genetic variation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparing complete organelle genomes of holoparasitic Christisonia kwangtungensis (Orabanchaceae) with its close relatives: how different are they?
Chi-Hong Zhang,Qianshi Lin,Jiayin Zhang,Zi-Jia Huang,Peng Nan,Lin-Feng Li,Zhiping Song,Wenju Zhang,Ji Yang,Yuguo Wang +9 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the impact of holoparasitism on organelle genomes evolution between close relatives of Christisonia kwangtungensis and compared it with its closely related groups to analyze similarities and differences in adaptation strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene Losses and Plastome Degradation in the Hemiparasitic Species Plicosepalus acaciae and Plicosepalus curviflorus: Comparative Analyses and Phylogenetic Relationships among Santalales Members
TL;DR: Using chloroplast genome data of parasitic plants could help to strengthen efforts in weed management and encourage biotechnology research to improve host resistance, and the taxonomic status of certain tribes of Loranthaceae must be reconsidered and the species that belong to it must be verified.
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