Mechanisms of Functional and Physical Genome Reduction in Photosynthetic and Nonphotosynthetic Parasitic Plants of the Broomrape Family
Susann Wicke,Kai F. Müller,Claude W. de Pamphilis,Dietmar Quandt,Norman J. Wickett,Yan Zhang,Susanne S. Renner,Gerald M. Schneeweiss +7 more
TLDR
The authors report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae), finding that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints.Abstract:
Nonphotosynthetic plants possess strongly reconfigured plastomes attributable to convergent losses of photosynthesis and housekeeping genes, making them excellent systems for studying genome evolution under relaxed selective pressures. We report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). By reconstructing the history of gene losses and genome reconfigurations, we find that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints. Partly because of independent losses of one inverted repeat region, Orobanchaceae plastomes vary 3.5-fold in size, with 45 kb in American squawroot (Conopholis americana) representing the smallest plastome reported from land plants. Of the 42 to 74 retained unique genes, only 16 protein genes, 15 tRNAs, and four rRNAs are commonly found. Several holoparasites retain ATP synthase genes with intact open reading frames, suggesting a prolonged function in these plants. The loss of photosynthesis alters the chromosomal architecture in that recombinogenic factors accumulate, fostering large-scale chromosomal rearrangements as functional reduction proceeds. The retention of DNA fragments is strongly influenced by both their proximity to genes under selection and the co-occurrence with those in operons, indicating complex constraints beyond gene function that determine the evolutionary survival time of plastid regions in nonphotosynthetic plants.read more
Citations
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Caught in action: fine-scale plastome evolution in the parasitic plants of Cuscuta section Ceratophorae (Convolvulaceae).
Arjan Banerjee,Saša Stefanović +1 more
TL;DR: This model reveals an intense burst of gene loss along the branch leading to the most reduced plastomes, and a few idiosyncratic changes elsewhere, allowing us to conclude that the tempo of plastid evolution in sect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of Geosiris (Iridaceae): historical biogeography and plastid-genome evolution in a genus of non-photosynthetic tropical rainforest herbs disjunct across the Indian Ocean
Elizabeth M. Joyce,Darren M. Crayn,Vivienne K. Y. Lam,Wesley K. Gerelle,Sean W. Graham,Lars Nauheimer +5 more
TL;DR: This study characterises the plastomes of the Australian and one Madagascan species to compare patterns of plastome degradation in relation to autotrophic and other mycoheterotrophic taxa and investigates the evolutionary and biogeographical history of the Geosiris Baill genus in Iridaceae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plastome reduction and gene content in New World Pilostyles (Apodanthaceae) unveils high similarities to African and Australian congeners.
TL;DR: Plastome content and synteny between the three sequenced species, phylogenetic analyses across angiosperms of the six annotated plastome genes, and discuss the odd phylogenetic affinities of 16S and 23S, likely caused by HGT prior the diversification of both legumes and Pilostyles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Next‐generation sequencing data suggest that certain nonphotosynthetic green plants have lost their plastid genomes
David Roy Smith,Sara Raad Asmail +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Mycoheterotrophic Epirixanthes (Polygalaceae) has a typical angiosperm mitogenome but unorthodox plastid genomes.
Gitte Lindved Petersen,Gitte Lindved Petersen,Hayley Darby,Vivienne K. Y. Lam,H. Æ. Pedersen,Vincent S. F. T. Merckx,Athanasios Zervas,Athanasios Zervas,Ole Seberg,Sean W. Graham +9 more
TL;DR: Plastome evolution largely fits with patterns of gene degradation seen in other heterotrophic plants, but includes highly unusual directly duplicated regions that are not currently understood.
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