Mechanisms of Functional and Physical Genome Reduction in Photosynthetic and Nonphotosynthetic Parasitic Plants of the Broomrape Family
Susann Wicke,Kai F. Müller,Claude W. de Pamphilis,Dietmar Quandt,Norman J. Wickett,Yan Zhang,Susanne S. Renner,Gerald M. Schneeweiss +7 more
TLDR
The authors report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae), finding that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints.Abstract:
Nonphotosynthetic plants possess strongly reconfigured plastomes attributable to convergent losses of photosynthesis and housekeeping genes, making them excellent systems for studying genome evolution under relaxed selective pressures. We report the complete plastomes of 10 photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic parasites plus their nonparasitic sister from the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). By reconstructing the history of gene losses and genome reconfigurations, we find that the establishment of obligate parasitism triggers the relaxation of selective constraints. Partly because of independent losses of one inverted repeat region, Orobanchaceae plastomes vary 3.5-fold in size, with 45 kb in American squawroot (Conopholis americana) representing the smallest plastome reported from land plants. Of the 42 to 74 retained unique genes, only 16 protein genes, 15 tRNAs, and four rRNAs are commonly found. Several holoparasites retain ATP synthase genes with intact open reading frames, suggesting a prolonged function in these plants. The loss of photosynthesis alters the chromosomal architecture in that recombinogenic factors accumulate, fostering large-scale chromosomal rearrangements as functional reduction proceeds. The retention of DNA fragments is strongly influenced by both their proximity to genes under selection and the co-occurrence with those in operons, indicating complex constraints beyond gene function that determine the evolutionary survival time of plastid regions in nonphotosynthetic plants.read more
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Development of specific molecular markers to distinguish and quantify broomrape species in a soil sample from infected field
Radi Aly,Vinay Kumar Bari,Londner A,Jackline Abu Nassar,Leena Taha-Salaime,Hanan E,Ran Nisim Lati +6 more
TL;DR: The development of an efficient, simple and robust molecular marker to detect and distinguish between broomrape species, has a significant insights on assessment the level of infestation and planning eradication program to the parasite in a field crop.
Journal ArticleDOI
The complete chloroplast genome of Pedicularis alaschanica (Orobanchaceae).
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. alaschanica was close to other species of Pedicularis, and this study would contribute to enrich the pedicularis chloroplast genome resource and promote the biological research.
Book ChapterDOI
Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes
TL;DR: In this article, the structural and functional organization of organellar genomes of coconuts is presented, and the outcomes of the molecular phylogeny and comparative genomics of chloroplast and mitochondria among the monocots are discussed.
Posted ContentDOI
Comparative genome analysis revealed gene inversions, boundary expansion and contraction, and gene loss in Stemona sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq. chloroplast genome
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors sequenced and analyzed the complete chloroplast genome of Stemona sessilifolia using next-generation sequencing technology, which was 154,039 bp in length, possessing a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IRs: 27,094 bp) separating by a large single copy (LSC: 81,950 bp).
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of nojirimycin on the transcriptome of germinating Orobanche minor seeds
Atsushi Okazawa,Takatoshi Wakabayashi,Takatoshi Wakabayashi,Toshiya Muranaka,Yukihiro Sugimoto,Daisaku Ohta +5 more
TL;DR: Differential gene expression analysis results suggest that NJ alters sugar metabolism and/or signaling, which is required to promote seed germination, which will contribute to understanding the effect of NJ and establishing a novel strategy for parasitic weed control.
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